A Novel Method of Measuring Moisture Content Distribution in Timber During Drying Using CT Scanning and Image Processing Techniques

Watanabe, Ken; Lazarescu, Ciprian; Shida, Satoshi; Avramidis, Stavros

doi:10.1080/07373937.2011.634977

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The advantage is that the method is easy to implement and perfectly suitable for processing of wood disc images. This is not the case for other (more complex) approaches proposed in the literature (e.g., Lindgren 1992;Watanabe et al 2012).…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The sampling of increment cores or discs is the usual approach and enables researchers to retrospectively understand wood formation and to study wood properties and their variations. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a method that is widely used to measure wood density and is known to be accurate (Lindgren 1991;Freyburger et al 2009;Watanabe et al 2012). One of the advantages of CT scanning is that it provides detailed maps of density (CT slices), not only an average value for a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Variability and interrelations between wood density, water content, and related properties were analyzed by CT scanning of five species. Relative water content of lumens is proposed as the best complement to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species with respect to their functioning. Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Jana Dlouha contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Philippe Santenoise helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze supervised the work, coordinated the EMERGE project and contributed to the writing. • Context X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an efficient tool for analysis of wood properties related to density and water content all along a tree stem. Basic specific gravity, an inherent property of the wood material, is well known and widely used in wood sciences.• Aims The first aim of this study was to describe a method for mapping a set of wood properties within a tree stem. The second objective was to analyze the relations among these properties and to identify the one that offers the best information in addition to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species.• Methods Wood discs were collected at various heights along a tree stem. We used a method consisting of comparing the CT images of the discs in the green state and after oven drying. Finally, 10 variables were computed for 115 trees of five temperate species: green, oven-dry, and basic specific gravities; moisture content; relative water content; relative water content of lumens; and fractions of air, water, free water, and cell walls.• Results Maps of wood properties summarizing the radial and vertical variations were obtained, allowing us to highlight species-specific patterns. The five species were discriminated best when plotted in the plane defined by basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens.• Conclusion The proposed method is original and simple enough to process large samples. Because it correlated less with basic specific gravity than with moisture content, relative water content of lumens was selected for species characterization. This is the first study of such wood properties at this fine scale within a tree stem, simultaneously and for a substantial number of trees of five species including both hardwoods and softwoods.

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Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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“…In order to decrease the error caused by wood swelling and shrinkage, image registration was performed using ImageJ's plugin UnwarpJ [20]. The initial image was applied as the target image.…”

Section: Water Content Quantification With Neutron Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of internal structure on water-resistance of plywood studied using neutron radiography and X-ray tomography

Bulcke

Mannes

et al. 2014

Construction and Building Materials

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To improve water resistance of plywood, a detailed understanding of the moisture dynamics of plywood and related solid wood is essential. Neutron radiography and X-ray CT were used to monitor water transport and the internal micro-structure respectively. Compared with solid wood, water uptake and release of plywood is, apart from wood species, also influenced by veneer checks and gaps between veneers. Type of adhesive and grain direction of veneers also play a crucial role. According to the findings of this paper and practical requirements, more water resistant plywood can be produced when taking into account abovementioned factors.

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“…The overwhelming contribution has been provided by magnetic resonance imaging [1][2][3][4] and X-ray computed tomography. [1,[5][6][7][8] The wide application of both techniques stems from the rapid development and availability of medical scanners. The third method, in use for almost 20 years, has been brought about by thermal neutron radiography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Radiography Applications in Studies of Drying of Capillary-Porous Systems

Fijał-Kirejczyk¹,

Milczarek²,

Radebe³

et al. 2013

Drying Technology

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The application of modern digital neutron radiography in the study of the drying process in porous media is demonstrated with two simple examples of cylindrical and rectangular samples made of different materials. The statistical method of image analysis is presented and the standard deviation of grey scale values (referred to brightness) is shown to be a useful measure of receding drying front emergence. The motion of the drying front was analyzed and found neither linear nor proportional to the square root of time and was delineated with nonlinear functions different for each sample shape.

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A Novel Method of Measuring Moisture Content Distribution in Timber During Drying Using CT Scanning and Image Processing Techniques

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Impact of internal structure on water-resistance of plywood studied using neutron radiography and X-ray tomography

Neutron Radiography Applications in Studies of Drying of Capillary-Porous Systems

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