A Novel Microwave-Induced Plasma Ionization Source for Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Dai, Jianxiong; Zhao, Zhongjun; Liang, Gaoling; Duan, Yixiang

doi:10.1038/srep44051

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In 1975, the concept of temperature applied to high‐temperature excitation sources was considered, as were arc plasma jets . Following on from this, microwave plasma became a standard reactive species 'precursor' source in SIFT‐MS, and after Duan et al introduced their microwave‐induced plasma desorption ionization (MIPDI) source for ambient mass spectrometry, many groups used the afterglow of a 'surfatron' . The original nomenclature of microwave plasma (MIP) was invented in 1981 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the direct detection of drug samples in liquid solutions

Miao

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the direct detection of drug samples in liquid solutions

Miao

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom

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“…The study of noble gas flowing plasma has gained much attention in recent years due to its impact on the application of cold plasma jet and torches for soft ionization and mass spectrometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Brandi

Labate

Rapagnani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Flowing plasma jets are increasingly investigated and used for surface treatments, including biological matter, and as soft ionization sources for mass spectrometry. They have the characteristic capability to transport energy from the plasma excitation region to the flowing afterglow, and therefore to a distant application surface, in a controlled manner. The ability to transport and deposit energy into a specimen is related to the actual energy transport mechanism. In case of a flowing helium plasma, the energy in the flowing afterglow may be carried by metastable helium atoms and long-lived helium dimer ions. In this work a systematic investigation of the optical and spectroscopic characteristics of a supersonic flowing helium plasma in vacuum and its afterglow as function of the helium gas density is presented. The experimental data are compared with numerical modeling of the plasma excitation and helium dimer ion formation supported by a Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation of the helium jet. The results indicate that the plasma afterglow is effectively due to helium dimer ions recombination via a three-body reaction.The study of noble gas flowing plasma has gained much attention in recent years due to its impact on the application of cold plasma jet and torches for soft ionization and mass spectrometry 1-10 .For a flowing helium plasma the dynamics of the energy transport in the afterglow is very complicated due to the peculiar helium plasma characteristics: presence of highly energetic metastable states and energetic excited states close to the ionization limit, as well as the prominent tendency, at increasing particle density, to form helium dimer ions 11,12 . The actual mechanisms and reactions governing the energy and charge transport from the plasma excitation region to the subsequent stream is of importance to understand and optimize the flowing plasma jets performances. Flowing plasma jets are characterized and optimized by playing on the gas flow rate, the plasma excitation power, the distance to the sample to be probed and the nozzle shape [13][14][15] .There are two main mechanisms supposedly underlying the energy transport in flowing helium plasma jets and the subsequent reactive nitrogen ion formation in ambient air.One mechanism is related to the high excited state energy of metastable helium atoms (more than 20 eV) which are formed during the plasma excitation, eventually from cascade transitions from higher excited states. The helium metastable atoms, He m , have long lifetime and therefore, in principle, can live in the afterglow, giving rise eventually to nitrogen ion formation in air through de-excitation and penning ionization in air 11 ,On the other side, at increasing particle number density, the excited helium atoms and the helium ions are rapidly and efficiently transformed into helium dimer ions, + He 2 , which have a long lifetime, since they do not posses a

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“…The microwave-induced plasma desorption/ionization(MIPDI) source was the same as described in our previous work. ,− Briefly, the microwave coaxial cavity was cylinder-shaped and made of copper with a fused-silica tube (3.0 mm i.d., 6 mm o.d., 200 mm long) centered axially. The microwave power (2450 MHz) from the solid-state microwave generator was input into the cavity via a standard N-type connector.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of Ionization Mechanism Responsible for Reagent Ion and Analyte Formation in Microwave-Induced Plasma Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Dai

et al. 2020

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Ambient desorption/ionization (ADI) sources coupled to mass spectrometer have gained increasing interest in the field of analytical chemistry for its fast and direct analysis of samples. Among many ADI sources, plasma-based ADI sources are an important branch. Despite its extensive use in mass spectrometry analysis, the ionization mechanism of these sources still remain uncertain. The study on ionization mechanism is of great significance to optimize the design of ion sources and to improve ionization efficiency. In this study, targeted research on a better understanding of afterglow distance effects on ionization process was conducted. Based on the quantified signal expression of reagent ions in mass spectrum, the concept that optimal atmospheric analysis distance of plasma ADI source is defined for the first time. From the perspective of mutual restriction effect between atmospheric components, the formation progress of reagent ions was visually revealed in detail, which involved the initial step of forming precursor reagent ions, the clusters reaction for increasing production of reagent ions, and the matrix effect results in reagent ion depletion. The formation mechanism of reagent ions further clarified the explicit reason for abundant reagent ions generated at an optimal distance. Most importantly, the analyte analysis results verified the significant impact of appropriate distance on ionization efficiency in afterglow region. It was confirmed that the quantity and type of reagent ions intimately influenced the status of analyte ions in mass spectrum.

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A Novel Microwave-Induced Plasma Ionization Source for Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the direct detection of drug samples in liquid solutions

Spray-inlet microwave plasma torch ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the direct detection of drug samples in liquid solutions

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Interpretation of Ionization Mechanism Responsible for Reagent Ion and Analyte Formation in Microwave-Induced Plasma Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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