A novel Monte Carlo simulation on gas flow in fractal shale reservoir

Yang, Jinghua; Wang, Min; Wu, Lei; Liu, Yanwei; Qiu, Shuxia; Xu, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121513

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although China has abundant shale gas reserves, shale gas development started later than the United States and Canada . In 2015, China has formed Fuling, Changning-Weiyuan, and Yanchang shale gas production areas, with a total production capacity of 7.5 billion cubic meters. , The proportion in the energy structure reaches about 10%. , Methane is mainly stored in dark or high-carbon shale in free and adsorbed state. − Shale gas reservoir in the United States is 1000–3000 m deep, and the surface is mostly plain . The porosity of shale core analysis in major producing areas in the United States is 2.0 to 14.00%, with an average of 4.22 to 6.51%; the permeability is 1 nD–1 mD. − Many scholars have carried out a lot of research from the perspectives of experimental testing, micro-observation, and model establishment. − The matrix has a wide pore size distribution, rich organic matter content, and complex shale pore structure. − Zhang et al studied samples taken from two shale reservoirs and one coal reservoir in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real Gas Effect and Bulk Diffusion Characteristics of Shale Mixed Gas Transport in Microscale Fractures

et al. 2023

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Shale gas reservoirs are rich in microscale fractures. In this paper, the characteristics of gas percolation in microscale fractures are taken as the research object. By coupling the actual gas equation, the multi-component gas equation, and the bulk gas diffusion equation, analytical solutions of the comprehensive percolation equation are obtained. Through mathematical model research, the following conclusions are obtained: (a) after considering the slip flow of the solid surface, the mass flow rate of multi-component gas under different pressure conditions increases by about 20−10,000%. (b) Different from continuous flow and slip flow, the mass flow rate of bulk gas diffusion decreases with pressure increase. (c) The intersection pressure is 31 MPa. When the pressure increases from 0.5 MPa to the pressure at the intersection point, the mass flow rate of integrated flow increases with decrease of the methane content. (d) When the pressure continues to increase from the intersection point pressure, the mass flow rate of integrated flow decreases with decrease of the methane content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In 2015, China has formed Fuling, Changning-Weiyuan, and Yanchang shale gas production areas, with a total production capacity of 7.5 billion cubic meters. 5,10 The proportion in the energy structure reaches about 10%. 10,11 Methane is mainly stored in dark or high-carbon shale in free and adsorbed state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Gas Effect and Bulk Diffusion Characteristics of Shale Mixed Gas Transport in Microscale Fractures

et al. 2023

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“…Traditional hydraulic fracturing technologies such as hydraulic slitting, hydraulic punching, and hydraulic fracturing, consume large amounts of water, pollute water resources, and damage ecosystems around the mining area. − Water sensitivity and the water lock effect that arise during hydraulic fracturing can cause further reductions in the recovery ratio of the reservoir. − To address the limitations of hydraulic fracturing, anhydrous fracturing using high-power ultrasound, concentrated energy blasting, or high-voltage electric pulses have been developed. − Pneumatic fracturing technologies that use liquid carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) are also gradually gaining attention. − Liquid nitrogen has many advantages, which include ultralow temperature (boiling point of −196 °C), easy production (distillation of liquefied air), high expansion ratio (1:696), and absence of pollutants (the waste product is nitrogen gas). − Liquid nitrogen fracturing has received much attention and has been the focus of many research studies. − In LN 2 fracturing, LN 2 is injected into coal and rock mass. Volume expansion, water–ice phase change, and thermal shock change the mechanical properties of the coal and rock and improve coal rock permeability and efficiency of unconventional oil and gas extraction. − Liquid nitrogen is injected using mainly single or cyclic injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: A Review

et al. 2022

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Liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) fracturing is an anhydrous fracturing technology that enhances coal permeability and supports unconventional oil and gas exploitation. In this Review, we provide a systematic review of five aspects of LN 2 fracturing. They are the history of the technology's development, research topics, factors influencing fracturing efficiency, fracturing mechanism, and engineering processes and systems. Liquid nitrogen fracturing transforms coal and rock pore structure through mechanisms such as low temperature, freeze−thaw damage, and gas expansion. It changes coal and rock mechanical properties and improves the pore penetration and efficiency of unconventional oil and gas extraction. However, in-depth studies are still required in many areas. They include theoretical studies of twophase nitrogen flow in coal and rock, development of technical equipment to support field operations, and plans to monitor and evaluate fracturing efficiency. On the basis of the advances in LN 2 fracturing research and the challenges, we conclude that future research should focus on multiphase flow and field equipment and technology.

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“…Xiao et al [ 54 ] employed the fractal Monte Carlo to simulate the Kozeny–Carman constant of fibrous porous media with the micropore size characterized by the fractal scaling law. Yang et al [ 55 ] performed Monte Carlo simulations based on the fractal probability law to understand gas flow mechanisms and predict the apparent gas permeability of shale reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Human Skin Using the Fractal Monte Carlo Method

et al. 2022

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In this work, an effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for living tissues, which directly affects the energy transport process, is determined. The fractal scaling and Monte Carlo methods are used to describe the tissue as a porous medium, and blood is considered a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid for comparative and analytical purposes. The effect of the principal variables—such as fractal dimensions DT and Df, porosity, and the power-law index, n—on the temperature profiles as a function of time and tissue depth, for one- and three-layer tissues, besides temperature distribution, are presented. ETC was improved by considering high tissue porosity, low tortuosity, and shear-thinning fluids. In three-layer tissues with different porosities, perfusion with a non-Newtonian fluid contributes to the understanding of the heat transfer process in some parts of the human body.

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A novel Monte Carlo simulation on gas flow in fractal shale reservoir

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Real Gas Effect and Bulk Diffusion Characteristics of Shale Mixed Gas Transport in Microscale Fractures

Real Gas Effect and Bulk Diffusion Characteristics of Shale Mixed Gas Transport in Microscale Fractures

Advances in Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: A Review

Calculation of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Human Skin Using the Fractal Monte Carlo Method

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