A novel nano-Sn particle/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) core–shell hierarchical composite as high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

A novel nano-Sn particle/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) core-shell hierarchical composite (nano-Sn/ PEDOT:PSS/PVA CSHC) was fabricated for the first time and evaluated as a high-performance anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The core-shell hierarchical structure of the composite was revealed by field-emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope; the components of the composite were investigated by X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the nano-Sn particle content in the composite was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis and the electrochemical performance was studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. When used as LIB anode material, the nano-Sn/PEDOT:PSS/PVA CSHC electrode exhibited high reversible capacity (568 mA h g -1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g -1 ), superior cycling stability (capacity retention of 66.0 % after 100 cycles), good rate performance (143 mA h g -1 at 1500 mA g -1 ) and low charge transfer resistance compared to pristine nano-Sn particle and nanoSn/PEDOT:PSS composite electrodes. The improved electrochemical performance can be attributed to the coreshell hierarchical structure. The results show that the nanoSn/PEDOT:PSS/PVA CSHC is a promising anode candidate for next-generation LIBs.

Polycrystalline Fe- and Sn-based sulfides for high-capacity sodium-ion battery anodes

“…This phenomenon was caused by the lattice defect of Sn 2 S 3 , 10 which was also observed in other materials, i.e. , Sn 11,12 , and Sn 4 P 3 . 13 Note that the peaks corresponding to graphite were weak, implying that the graphite had become exfoliated to graphene.…”

“…The relative intensities of some of the XRD peaks were not proportional to those of the standard peaks: in particular, the peak at a two-theta value of 21.51, originating from Sn 2 S 3 in FSS, was weaker than that at 32.01 for FSS, but stronger than that at 32.01 for FSS/G-15%. This phenomenon was caused by the lattice defect of Sn 2 S 3 , 10 which was also observed in other materials, i.e., Sn 11,12 , and Sn 4 P 3 . 13 Note that the peaks corresponding to graphite were weak, implying that the graphite had become exfoliated to graphene.…”

High capacity/reversible Fe/Sn alloys for Na-storage anodes enabled by thermal reaction and then anchoring on exfoliated graphite

“…1h shows the XRD patterns of FSS-3 and FSS-3/G-15%, presenting the characteristic peaks of hexagonal FeS (PDF#37-0477), tetragonal FeSn 2 (PDF#25-0415), hexagonal FeSn (PDF#09-0212), and orthorhombic SnS (PDF#39-0354), indicating that the primary reaction follows eqn (9), with partial chemical reactions following eqn (2) and (7). Nevertheless, the intensity of certain XRD peaks in FeSn deviated from the standard diffraction pattern, and comparable occurrences have been noted in Sn 2 S 3 , 32 Sn, 33,34 and Sn 4 P 3 . 35 Specically, peaks at approximately 53.9°, 57.1°, 57.8°, 60.6°, 64.4°, and 66.3°e xhibited weakened intensities, suggesting the presence of defects in FeSn, which are originally from the minor excess of Fe that reacts with FeSn.…”