“…They include two-dimensional materials ( e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), MoS 2 , WS 2 ...), − nanoparticles ( e.g. , Cu, Ni, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , CaCO 3 ...), − organic oiliness friction modifiers and wear-resistant additives for engine conditions, , and inorganic polymer glasses (borate, silicate, phosphate, borosilicate...) for elevated temperature conditions. − Under sliding conditions at mixed and particularly boundary regimes, these solid lubricants experience thermally induced chemical reactions, adsorption, and diffusion onto the sliding surfaces. , In addition, the stress-shearing not only induces flash temperature but also provides the intermixing effect that organizes and constructs the formation of complex hierarchical layers. − These hierarchical layers, well known as “tribofilm”, have a number of particular properties that either separate the direct contact between the asperities or deliver the low shearing capabilities.…”