“…As is the case for the DC motor, a controller is also required for efficient operation of an AVR system. In that respect, several controller structures such as PID controller (Bingul and Karahan, 2018; Zhou et al, 2019), FOPID controller (Bhookya and Jatoth, 2019; Bhullar et al, 2020b), PID plus second order derivative (PIDD 2 ) controller (Mokeddem and Mirjalili, 2020; Mosaad et al, 2018) and derivatives of PID controller (Moschos and Parisses, in press; Paliwal et al, 2021) along with neural network predictive control (Elsisi, 2019) and state feedback controller (Eke et al, 2021; Gozde, 2020; Mary et al, 2021) have so far been utilized. Similar to the case in DC motors, the PID controller is the most preferred controller for an AVR system, as well (Ayas, 2019).…”