A Novel Phage Element of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis P125109 Contributes to Accelerated Type III Secretion System 2-Dependent Early Inflammation Kinetics in a Mouse Colitis Model

Vishwakarma, Vikalp; Periaswamy, Balamurugan; Pati, Niladri Bhusan; Slack, Emma; Hardt, Wolf‐Dietrich; Suar, Mrutyunjay

doi:10.1128/iai.00180-12

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The monolayer cells were seeded on 24 well tissue culture plates (Nest Biotech, China) and the confluent cells were washed thrice with PBS. S. Enteritidis was grown overnight and subcultured for 4 h in LB medium [36]. Bacterial cells were washed and resuspended in DMEM and infected to HCT-116 cell lines at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100:1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of anti-infective activity of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infections are known to exhibit worldwide prevalence with increased morbidity and mortality. The conventional strategies like antibiotic therapy and vaccination have not only proved to be of sub-optimal efficacy but also led to the development of multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella. Antimicrobial activities of probiotics against various enteropathogens and other health promoting effects have assumed greater significance in recent years. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain (KSBT 56, isolated from a traditional food product of India), in preventing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis growth and pathogenicity in vitro.Methods and resultsThe cell free culture supernatant (CFCS) of KSBT 56 strain notably inhibited the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis without affecting the growth of other gram-positive lactic acid bacteria. The isolated KSBT 56 strain produces lactic acid similar to other standard probiotic strains like Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1407. The free radical production by KSBT 56 strain was studied by using sodC mutant of S. Enteritidis, which exhibited reduced growth in the presence of CFCS of the KSBT 56 strain, indicating the inhibitory activity of free radicals on the growth of S. Enteritidis. Our results also showed a significant reduction in the biofilm forming ability of Salmonella Enteritidis in the presence of the KSBT 56 strain (2 log cfu/ml, p = 0.01). Further, the anti-infective characteristics of KSBT 56 strain was validated by gentamicin protection assay which revealed 80% reduction in the invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis to HCT-116 cell line (Salmonella Enteritidis and KSBT 56 in a 1:1 ratio) and delayed addition of Salmonella Enteritidis by 1 h. Similarly, the reduced adhesion of Salmonella to the HCT-116 cells was observed along with the down regulation of hilA gene of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) indicating that they might have acted synergistically to decrease the invasion of the pathogen into the cell line.ConclusionsKSBT 56 strain effectively inhibited the growth, invasion and the biofilm forming ability of Salmonella Enteritidis without inhibiting the growth of other Lactobacillus strains. Overall, our result suggested that KSBT 56 can be used as a potential probiotic strain with considerable beneficial effects on the host.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of anti-infective activity of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

et al. 2013

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“…The pM2155 vector system was used for the complementation of flgD and yciG in their respective mutants (11). The genes were amplified with nPFU special DNA polymerase (Enzynomics, South Korea) using primers containing BamHI and HindIII restriction sites at the 5= and 3= ends, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Transcriptome and Mutagenic Analyses of the Acid Tolerance Response of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Ryan

Pati

Ojha

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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b Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the leading causative agents of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. Swift invasion through the intestinal tract and successful establishment in systemic organs are associated with the adaptability of S. Typhimurium to different stress environments. Low-pH stress serves as one of the first lines of defense in mammalian hosts, which S. Typhimurium must efficiently overcome to establish an infection. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptability of S. Typhimurium to acid stress is highly relevant. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome analysis of S. Typhimurium under the acid tolerance response (ATR) and found a large number of genes (ϳ47%) to be differentially expressed (more than 1.5-fold or less than ؊1.5-fold; P < 0.01). Functional annotation revealed differentially expressed genes to be associated with regulation, metabolism, transport and binding, pathogenesis, and motility. Additionally, our knockout analysis of a subset of differentially regulated genes facilitated the identification of proteins that contribute to S. Typhimurium ATR and virulence. Mutants lacking genes encoding the K ؉ binding and transport protein KdpA, hypothetical protein YciG, the flagellar hook cap protein FlgD, and the nitrate reductase subunit NarZ were significantly deficient in their ATRs and displayed varied in vitro virulence characteristics. This study offers greater insight into the transcriptome changes of S. Typhimurium under the ATR and provides a framework for further research on the subject. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a neutralophilic, Gram-negative food-and waterborne pathogen that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infection in humans. The intestinal tract of wild and domestic animals serves as a vehicle by which salmonellae find their way into humans through contaminated food and water. It has been estimated that globally this species accounts for about 80.3 million cases of food-borne gastroenteritis with about 1.5 million deaths (1). A large number of outbreaks have been linked to contaminated fruits and vegetables, including apples, mangoes, lettuce, tomatoes, celery, and unpasteurized juice (2). During host-pathogen interaction, Salmonella constantly encounters various stress conditions, such as changing pH, high osmotic pressure, low oxygen availability, and the presence of bile salts and antimicrobial peptides, that constantly test the adaptability of this pathogen. One such stress condition is low pH, and Salmonella confronts this on transit through the stomach, as well as during survival within the Salmonellacontaining vacuole (SCV) of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. Hence, the ability of Salmonella to perceive low-pH environments and respond to such stress is crucial for its survival and pathogenicity.The mechanism by which S. Typhimurium senses acidic environments and adapts to survive under low pH is termed the acid tolerance response (ATR) (3-...

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“…For identifying the promoter, a sequence 1000 bp upstream of tomB was retrieved and analysed by BPROM software maintained by Softberry (http://www.softberry.com/berry.phtml?topic=bprom&group=programs&subgroup=gfindb)37. Predicted promoters were cloned into a promoterless GFP plasmid pM96838 between XbaI and BamHI restriction sites to create the constructs pMp201, pMp622 and pMp922.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hha-TomB Toxin-Antitoxin System Shows Conditional Toxicity and Promotes Persister Cell Formation by Inhibiting Apoptosis-Like Death in S. Typhimurium

Jaiswal

Paul

Padhi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are two component “addictive” genetic elements found on either plasmid or bacterial chromosome, sometimes on both. TA systems perform a wide range of functions like biofilm formation, persistence, programmed cell death, phage abortive infection etc. Salmonella has been reported to contain several such TA systems. However, the hemolysin expression modulating protein (Hha) and its adjacent uncharacterized hypothetical protein TomB (previously known as YbaJ), have not been listed as a TA module in Salmonella. In this study we established that Hha and TomB form a bonafide TA system where Hha serves as a toxin while TomB functions as an antitoxin. Interestingly, the toxicity of Hha was conditional causing cell death under acid stress. The antitoxin attenuated the toxicity of Hha by forming a TA complex through stable interactions. The Hha-TomB TA system was found to increase persistence and inhibit programmed cell death under antibiotic stress where a phenotypically diverse population expressing differential level of TA components was observed. Therefore we propose that Hha and TomB prevent cells from committing suicide thereby promoting persister cell formation.

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A Novel Phage Element of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis P125109 Contributes to Accelerated Type III Secretion System 2-Dependent Early Inflammation Kinetics in a Mouse Colitis Model

Abstract: ABSTRACTSalmonella entericasubsp. I serovar Enteritidis exhibits type III secretion system 2 (TTSS2)-dependent early colonization and inflammation kinetics faster than those of closely relatedS. entericaserovar Typhi… Show more

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

In vitro evaluation of anti-infective activity of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

In vitro evaluation of anti-infective activity of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

Global Transcriptome and Mutagenic Analyses of the Acid Tolerance Response of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

The Hha-TomB Toxin-Antitoxin System Shows Conditional Toxicity and Promotes Persister Cell Formation by Inhibiting Apoptosis-Like Death in S. Typhimurium

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