A Novel Plant Kinesin-Related Protein Specifically Associates with the Phragmoplast Organelles

Lee, Y.-R. Julie; Giang, Hoa M.; Liu, Bo

doi:10.2307/3871585

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…However, such a role for kinesin-7 was not found in the basidiomycete U. maydis (Schuchardt et al, 2005), raising doubts about a general role of these kinesins in tip growth. Interestingly, Arabidopsis PAKRP (orthologous to the KINID1 kinesins) was proposed to contribute to vesicle transfer in the phragmoplast (Lee et al, 2001), which is different from the roles of KINID1 proposed in this study. Consistent with distinct roles, the defects of phragmoplast MTs observed in the KINID1 double deletion mutants were not restored by the ectopic expression of PAKRP (Hiwatashi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Double Deletion Of Kinid1a and Kinid1b Leads To Loss Of The contrasting

confidence: 98%

Kinesins Have a Dual Function in Organizing Microtubules during Both Tip Growth and Cytokinesis in Physcomitrella patens

2014

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-3996-0549 (Y.H.); 0000-0001-6027-1919 (J.H.D.) Microtubules (MTs) play a crucial role in the anisotropic deposition of cell wall material, thereby affecting the direction of growth. A wide range of tip-growing cells display highly polarized cell growth, and MTs have been implicated in regulating directionality and expansion. However, the molecular machinery underlying MT dynamics in tip-growing plant cells remains unclear. Here, we show that highly dynamic MT bundles form cyclically in the polarized expansion zone of the moss Physcomitrella patens caulonemal cells through the coalescence of growing MT plus ends. Furthermore, the plant-specific kinesins (KINID1) that are is essential for the proper MT organization at cytokinesis also regulate the turnover of the tip MT bundles as well as the directionality and rate of cell growth. The plus ends of MTs grow toward the expansion zone, and KINID1 is necessary for the stability of a single coherent focus of MTs in the center of the zone, whose formation coincides with the accumulation of KINID1. We propose that KINID-dependent MT bundling is essential for the correct directionality of growth as well as for promoting growth per se. Our findings indicate that two localized cell wall deposition processes, tip growth and cytokinesis, previously believed to be functionally and evolutionarily distinct, share common and plant-specific MT regulatory components.

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Section: Double Deletion Of Kinid1a and Kinid1b Leads To Loss Of The contrasting

confidence: 98%

Kinesins Have a Dual Function in Organizing Microtubules during Both Tip Growth and Cytokinesis in Physcomitrella patens

2014

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“…KINID is closely related to PAKRP2 in A. thaliana, which also specifically functions in the phragmoplast, but probably as a motor for vesicle transport [34]. In P. patens, there are three Kinesin-12 motors resembling those mentioned above [35].…”

Section: Current Opinion In Plant Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise and fall of the phragmoplast microtubule array

Lee

Liu

2013

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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The cytokinetic apparatus, the phragmoplast, contains a bipolar microtubule (MT) framework that has the MT plus ends concentrated at or near the division site. This anti-parallel MT array provides tracks for the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles toward the plus ends so that materials enclosed are subsequently deposited at the division site. Here we will discuss a proposed model of the centrifugal expansion of the phragmoplast that takes place concomitantly with the assembly of the cell plate, the ultimate product of vesicle fusion. The expansion is a result of continuous MT assembly at the phragmoplast periphery while the MTs toward the center of the phragmoplast are disassembled. These events are the result of MT-dependent MT polymerization, bundling of antiparallel MTs coming from opposite sides of the division plane that occurs selectively at the phragmoplast periphery, positioning of the plus ends of cross-linked MTs at or near the division site by establishing a minimal MT-overlapping zone, and debundling of anti-parallel MTs that is triggered by phosphorylation of MT-associated proteins. The debundled MTs are disassembled at last by factors including the MT severing enzyme katanin. IntroductionThe innovation of the phragmoplast marks a significant advancement in the evolution from green algae to land plants [1]. The phragmoplast contains a core of two mirrored sets of anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) whose plus ends are concentrated at or near the midzone of this cytokinetic apparatus (Figure 1) [2]. The ultimate mission of this bipolar MT array is to allow Golgi-derived vesicles to be transported unidirectionally toward MT plus ends so that the materials enclosed in these vesicles are deposited for the assembly of the cell plate. Phragmoplast MTs, like those MTs in spindles during mitosis, undergo continuous remodeling throughout cytokinesis [3,4]. Upon the completion of anaphase, MTs are polymerized and coalesced in the spindle midzone, and a bipolar array is established as the Kinesin-5 motor acts on anti-parallel MTs to slide them against each other ( Figure 1a) [5,6 ,7]. Concomitant with the addition of more MTs to the array, the MTs are shortened at their minus ends, which are facing the reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1b). One of the most spectacular phenomena in cytokinesis is the centrifugal expansion of the phragmoplast MT array from the cell center to the edge. During the expansion, new MT filaments are added to the periphery of the phragmoplast while older ones in the inner part of the phragmoplast array are disassembled ( Figure 1c). This is particularly challenging because those opposing activities occur simultaneously within a few microns of each other. The assembly of new MTs uses tubulin subunits released from the depolymerization of older MTs [3].Before MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and MT-based motors were identified, microscopic observations had revealed many structural details of the phragmoplast in elegant systems like the endosperm of the African blood lily Haemanthus and tobacc...

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“…Proteins connecting vesicles to phragmoplast microtubules have been visualized during endosperm cellularization and pollen cytokinesis (Otegui et al, 2001;Otegui and Staehelin, 2004). The kinesin AtPAKRP2 is so far the best candidate motor protein to transport the cell plate-building vesicles to the division plane (Lee et al, 2001), although genetic data for this are lacking.…”

Section: Origin Of Cell Plate-building Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%