A novel porcine kobuvirus emerged in piglets with severe diarrhoea in China

Zhai, Shao‐Lun; Zhang, H.; Lin, Tao; Chen, S.-N.; Zhou, Xia; Chen, Q.-L.; Lv, Dian-Hong; Wen, Xintian; Zhou, Xiu-Rong; Jia, Chun-Ling; Wei, Wen-Kang

doi:10.1111/tbed.12663

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, diarrhea continued to threaten pig farms. Beside these three traditional porcine viral diarrhea pathogens (PEDV, TGEV and PoRV), other viral diarrhea pathogens have also been reported in recent years [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In particular, the situation of multiplex infections has become more serious, resulting in increased pressure in the prevention and control of porcine diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty samples of diarrhea in piglets in Sichuan Province were tested and ve samples (12.5%) of multiplex infections of PKoV, PAstV and PToV were identi ed [12]. Chang Tiecheng et al [13] tested 165 samples obtained from 42 pig farms, and reported that 2 of 42 pig farms were infected with PEDV and TGEV, accounting for 4.76%. Furthermore, seven pig farms were infected with PEDV and PoRV, accounting for 16.67%, and two pig farms were infected with three viruses, accounting for 4.76%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistical analysis of the PKoV positive rate between diarrheic and healthy pigs, as well as a survey for other enteric pathogens in diarrheic pigs, suggested that PKoV may play a role as a causative agent of gastroenteritis in pigs [28]. Recent studies have revealed the genetic diversity and possible pathogenic role of PKoV in conjunction with other pathogens in piglets [13,28]. PKoV has also been linked to porcine diarrhea although its pathogenesis remains unclear (Barry et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

Liu

Shi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Porcine viral diarrhea can cause great damage to the pig industry. However, multiple infections have contributed to the poor control of diarrhea, which has also resulted in great difficulties in determining the main pathogenic factors. Methods A Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was developed for the detection of 11 viral diarrhea pathogens, which allows for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of viral diarrhea pathogens in clinical samples. A total of 518 porcine stool specimens were collected from 9 pig herds in Shanghai, China from 2015 to 2017, and the pathogen spectrums and co-infections were analyzed. Results The minimum detection rate of the Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was at least 10 times higher than the traditional PCR method. Of the 518 diarrhea samples, PEDV was found in 17.57% (91/518), PKoV in 40.35% (209/518), PAstV in 26.64% (138/518), PSV in 15.06% (78/518), PoSaV in 13.13% (68/518), PTV in 5.21% (27/518), PDCoV in 4.83% (25/518), PoRV in 3.28% (17/518), TGEV in 3.09% (16/518), PToV in 1.93% (10/518), and BVDV in 1.74% (9/518), respectively. Furthermore, multiple infections were commonly seen, with positive rate of 35.14%. Infection pattern of the viral diarrheal pathogens in a specific farm was changing, and different farms had the various diarrhea infection patterns. A longitudinal investigation showed that PEDV was still the key pathogen which was closely related to the death of diarrhea piglets. Other pathogens might play synergistic roles in the pathogenesis of diarrhea disease. Conclusions Here we provided a Luminex xTAG multiple detection method for viral diarrhea pathogen infection in clinical, which was more sensitive and specific than general multiplex PCR method. Furthermore, the surveillance confirmed high infection rate of PKoV, but PEDV was still the key pathogen and multiple pathogens synergistically complicated the infection status in southern China, suggesting that controlling porcine diarrhea might be more complex than previously thought. A better understanding of viruses that cause diarrhea in piglets will aid in better preventing and controlling epidemics of viral porcine diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

Liu

Shi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…However, diarrhea continued to threaten pig farms. Expect for these three major porcine viral diarrhea pathogens (PEDV, TGEV and PoRV), other viral diarrhea pathogens have also been reported in recent years [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In particular, the situation of multiplex infections has become more serious, resulting in increased pressure in the prevention and control of porcine diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological analysis of Porcine Viral Diarrhea Pathogens in Local Area

Shi¹,

Li²,

Tao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Porcine viral diarrhea can cause great damage to the pig industry and high mortality to piglets. Furthermore, multiple pathogen infections and synergistic infections commonly existed in clinic. This has resulted in great difficulties in determining the main pathogenic factors, which would delay the prevention and control of diseases. Methods A total of 518 porcine stool specimens were collected from 9 pig herds in Shanghai, China from 2015 to 2017 and used for pathogen detection. A Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was developed for the detection of 11 viral diarrhea pathogens, which allows for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of viral diarrhea pathogens in clinical samples. Results The minimum detection rate of the Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was at least 10 times higher than the traditional PCR method. As a result, 209 (40.3%) were positive for porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), 138 (26.6%) for porcine astrovirus (PAstV), 91 (17.6%) for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), 78 (15.1%) for porcine sapelovirus (PSV), 68 (13.1%) for porcine sapovirus (PoSaV), 27 (5.2%) for porcine teschovirus (PTV), 25 (4.8%) for porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), 17 (3.3%) for porcine rotavirus (PoRV), 16 (3.1%) for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), 10 (1.9%) for porcine torovirus (PToV), and 9 (1.7%) for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), respectively. Furthermore, multiple infection rate of diarrhea sample was 17.57% for dual-infection, 11.58%for triple-infection, 4.63% for quadruple-infection, 0.77% for quintuple-infection, 0.58% for sextuple-infection and septuple-infection, respectively. Infection pattern of the viral diarrheal pathogens was changing, and different farm had the various diarrhea infection patterns, which proved the great importance of epidemiological surveillance and the guidance effect to clinical production. PoSaV, PoRV, PAstV, PToV and PEDV were indicated as the predominant viruses of clinical samples collected in 2017 by the quantitative analysis. Conclusions Here we provide a Luminex xTAG multiple detection method for viral diarrhea pathogen infection in clinical,which was more sensitive and specific than general multiplex PCR method. Furthermore, the surveillance confirmed the complicated infection status in China, which demonstrated the need for continuous surveillance and provided data for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea.

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“…Moreover, we also tested other enteric viruses (FPV and FBoV) for kobuvirus-positive samples of which 20 samples were positive for FPV and/or FBoV. In previous investigations, the co-infection of FeKoV, FPV and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) in diarrheal cats with a higher prevalence had been reported (Di Martino et al 2015b), and it was also determined that human AiVs and other animal kobuvirus were associated with gastroenteritis (Yang et al 2009;Zhai et al 2017). These reveal that FeKoV, as a potential enteric virus, may be associated with viral diarrhea in cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genetic characterization of kobuvirus in cats: The first molecular evidence from Northeast China

Niu

Wang

et al. 2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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A B S T R A C TFeline kobuvirus (FeKoV), a novel picornavirus of the genus kobuvirus, was initially identified in the feces of cats with diarrhea in South Korea in 2013. To date, there is only one report of the circulation of kobuvirus in cats in southern China. To investigate the presence and genetic variability of FeKoV in northeast China, 197 fecal samples were collected from 105 cats with obvious diarrhea and 92 asymptomatic cats in Shenyang, Jinzhou, Changchun, Jilin and Harbin regions, Northeast China, and viruses were detected by RT-PCR with universal primers targeting all kobuviruses. Kobuvirus was identified in 28 fecal samples with an overall prevalence of 14.2% (28/197) of which 20 samples were co-infected with feline parvovirus (FPV) and/or feline bocavirus (FBoV). Diarrhoeic cats had a higher kobuvirus prevalence (19.1%, 20/105) than asymptomatic cats (8.7%, 8/ 92). By genetic analysis based on partial 3D gene, all kobuvirus-positive samples were more closely related to previous FeKoV strains with high identities of 90.5%-97.8% and 96.6%-100% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis based on the complete VP1 gene indicated that all FeKoV strains identified in this study were placed into a cluster, which separated from other reference strains previously reported, and three identical amino acid substitutions were present at the C-terminal of the VP1 protein for these FeKoV strains. Furthermore, two complete FeKoV polyprotein genomes were successfully obtained from two positive samples and designated 16JZ0605 and 17CC0811, respectively. The two strains shared 92.9%-94.9% nucleotide identities and 96.8%-98.4% amino acid identities to FeKoV prototype strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that FeKoVs were clustered according to their geographical regions, albeit with limited sequences support. This study provides the first molecular evidence that FeKoV circulates in cats in northeast China, and these FeKoVs exhibit genetic diversity and unique evolutionary trend.

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A novel porcine kobuvirus emerged in piglets with severe diarrhoea in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

Epidemiological analysis of Porcine Viral Diarrhea Pathogens in Local Area

Detection and genetic characterization of kobuvirus in cats: The first molecular evidence from Northeast China

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