A Novel Pyroptotic and Inflammatory Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma and the Effect of Anticancer Therapies

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to construct a gene signature comprising genes related to both inflammation and pyroptosis (GRIPs) to predict the prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma patients and the efficacy of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy in these patients.MethodsGene expression profiles were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify GRIPs. Univariable Cox regression and Lasso regression further selected key prognostic genes. Multivariable Cox regression was used to construct a risk score, which stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups. Areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were calculated, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed for the two groups, following validation in an external cohort from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A nomogram including the GRIP signature and clinicopathological characteristics was developed for clinical use. Gene set enrichment analysis illustrated differentially enriched pathways. Differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between the two groups were assessed. The efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chemotherapeutic agents, and targeted agents were predicted for both groups. Immunohistochemical analyses of the GRIPs between the normal and CM tissues were performed using the Human Protein Atlas data. The qRT-PCR experiments validated the expression of genes in CM cell lines, Hacat, and PIG1 cell lines.ResultsA total of 185 GRIPs were identified. A novel gene signature comprising eight GRIPs (TLR1, CCL8, EMP3, IFNGR2, CCL25, IL15, RTP4, and NLRP6) was constructed. The signature had AUCs of 0.714 and 0.659 for predicting 3-year overall survival (OS) in the TCGA entire and GEO validation cohorts, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the GRIP signature was an independent predictor of OS with higher accuracy than traditional clinicopathological features. The nomogram showed good accuracy and reliability in predicting 3-year OS (AUC = 0.810). GSEA and TME analyses showed that the high-risk group had lower levels of pyroptosis, inflammation, and immune response, such as lower levels of CD8+ T-cell infiltration, CD4+ memory-activated T-cell infiltration, and ICI. In addition, low-risk patients whose disease expressed PD-1 or CTLA-4 were likely to respond better to ICIs, and several chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the distinct expression of five out of the eight GRIPs between normal and CM tissues.ConclusionOur novel 8-GRIP signature can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with CM and the efficacies of multiple anticancer therapies. These GRIPs might be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CM.

Receptor Transporter Protein 4 (RTP4) in the Hypothalamus Is Involved in the Development of Antinociceptive Tolerance to Morphine

“…An increasing number of studies indicate that RTP4 can serve as one of the important markers of diagnosis or prognosis of various diseases, such as cutaneous melanoma, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and viral infection [ 18 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Especially since ISGs including RTP4 possesses immuno-reactive properties, such as anti-virus activity [ 18 ], it may be involved in the changes in the immune response under chronic morphine treatment [ 31 ], although it needs further determination in the future.…”

Comprehensive analysis of cellular senescence and immune microenvironment in papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…Some advanced cancers have been treated better with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) [ 40 ]. Boxplots, based on 47 immune checkpoints obtained from the literature [ 41 , 42 ], were used to illustrate the differential expression of immune checkpoints in high-risk and low-risk groups.…”

Associations between prediagnostic aspirin use and ovarian tumor gene expression

“…ABCA1, 23,24 and TNC 25,26 ) were downregulated in tumors of current regular aspirin users compared with never users (Figure 4A). Conversely, genes related to tumor immune cell infiltration and antigen presentation (e.g., SECTM1, 27 PSMB8, [28][29][30] SAMD9, 31,32 and RTP4 33,34 ) were upregulated. Finally, when individual genes included in the significant extracellular matrix architecture pathways were examined, multiple genes related to metastasis (e.g.…”