A novel reassortant canine H3N1 influenza virus between pandemic H1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses in Korea

Abstract

During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 canine influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1–99.9 %) to pandemic influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequence of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99.6 %) to that of CIV H3N2 isolated in Korea and China. Dogs infected with the novel H3N1 CIV did not show any notable symptoms, in contrast to dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Despite no visible clinical signs of disease, nasal shedding of virus was detected and the infected dogs presented mild histopathological changes.

A Review: Canine and Feline Influenza

“…Suppurative pneumonia in combination with neutrophil infiltration and extensive erosion have also been reported (Yoon, et al, 2005;Songserm et al, 2006a;Songserm et al, 2006b;Payungporn et al, 2008;Song et al, 2011). It is worth noting that IAV H3N1 and Pandemic H1N1 subtypes causes mild symptoms in dogs and cats (Lin et al, 2012;Sponseller et al, 2010;Song et al, 2012).…”

“…Further studies indicated that HA gene originated from CIV H3N2 while the other 7 genes originated from pandemic H1N1. Experimental infection of dog showed low virus shedding with mild pathogenicity compared to CIV H3N2 (Song et al, 2012).…”

“…In dogs, these include CIV H3N8, CIV H3N2, CIV H3N1, Pandemic H1N1, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1, H5N2 and Avian-like H9N2 (Keawcharoen et al, 2004;Crawford et al, 2005;Thanawongnuwech et al, 2005;Songserm et al, 2006b;Harder et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2011;Song et al, 2012;Zhan et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2013). In cat, these IAV subtypes include Avian influenza H9N2; CIV H3N2, HPAI H5N1 and Pandemic H1N1 (Songserm et al, 2006a;Sponseller et al, 2010;Song et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2015a were presented separately at a veterinary teaching hospital in China with history of respiratory abnormalities including severe cough with sputum.…”

“…A novel reassortant CIV H3N1 virus was identified in nasal swabs of sick dogs (showing clinical respiratory signs such as cough, nasal discharge and fever) during surveillance which spanned from 2007 to 2009 in South Korea (Song et al, 2012). The genomic sequence analysis of the amplified genes revealed that its HA gene had 99% similarity with CIV H3N2 influenza strain (A/canine/Korea/GCVP01/2007) circulating in South Korea during that time.…”

Diagnostic Methods of Influenza a From Clinical Specimens: A Critical Review of Literature

“…It is likely that such reassortment event between avian and human influenza viruses could have happened many times over, either in humans or in animals (Medina et al 2011). Recently, a new subtype H3N1 was identified as a result of reassortment in the canine genes of human H1N1pdm09 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses highlighting that companion animals may be a critical determinant to act as intermediate hosts for influenza viruses (Song et al, 2012). The influenza A subtype H3N1 is endemic in pigs and it has been seen that several H3N1 containing A(H1N1)pdm09-like segments could pose a threat to public health (Pascua et al, 2013).…”