“…With the advancements in computer vision and machine learning techniques, robots can now recognize, interpret and make decisions based on the perception information gathered (Qiao et al , 2022). This has resulted in the widespread use of robot perception in various applications, including the navigation of mobile robots, providing context-awareness for service robots (Miao et al , 2023), robot arm manipulation (Lin and Wang, 2021), manufacturing (Wan et al , 2022; Zeng et al , 2018), mobile robots (Qiu et al , 2019) and transportation guidance for logistic (Bloss, 2011).…”