A novel role of cellular interactions in vascular calcification

Bardeesi, Adham Sameer A.; Gao, Jingwei; Zhang, Kun; Sun, Tianyu; Wei, Mengchao; Liu, Pin‐Ming; Huang, Hui

doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1190-z

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In the bone marrow, calcification of the blood vessels is so extreme that the vessels appear ossified . To date, the etiologies of bone marrow blood vessel ossification are unknown; however, the pathology may result from the transition of vascular pericytes, endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells into osteogenic phenotypes . Another potential etiological consideration is the bone marrow microenvironment and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that participate in the development of atherosclerosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 To date, the etiologies of bone marrow blood vessel ossification are unknown; however, the pathology may result from the transition of vascular pericytes, endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells into osteogenic phenotypes. 2,6,7 Another potential etiological consideration is the bone marrow microenvironment and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines 20 that participate in the development of atherosclerosis. 21 In addition, the bone marrow milieu, which surrounds the bone marrow blood F I G U R E 1 0 Representative dot plots for Alexa Fluor 647/CD61 negative and positive events expressed relative to the presence of Alexa Fluor 488 (FITC) and DAPI.…”

Section: Various Forms Of Vascular Calcification Have Been Observedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular calcification occurs when calcium phosphate crystals accrue in the wall of blood vessels, that is, in the intima and media . To date, the processes associated with vascular calcification have not been completely identified but may include several cell types within the vascular wall and surrounding tissue. For example, vascular smooth muscle cells can phenotypically transition from contractile to osteoblastic to synthetic (ie, a non‐contractile, migratory, and proliferative phenotype) and this transition depends upon the surrounding environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the processes associated with vascular calcification have not been completely identified but may include several cell types within the vascular wall and surrounding tissue. For example, vascular smooth muscle cells can phenotypically transition from contractile to osteoblastic to synthetic (ie, a non‐contractile, migratory, and proliferative phenotype) and this transition depends upon the surrounding environment . In addition, pericytes, endothelial cells, and circulating progenitors cells are osteoblast‐like in nature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leading cause of death in the western world is cardiovascular disease, 1 and vascular calcification is a common characteristic and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. 2 Vascular calcification occurs when calcium phosphate crystals accrue in the wall of blood vessels, that is, in the intima and media. 3 To date, the processes associated with vascular calcification have not been completely identified 2 but may include several cell types within the vascular wall and surrounding tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of a bone‐like blood particle in the peripheral circulation of humans and rodents

et al. 2019

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Objective To characterize ossified bone marrow blood vessels and confirm the presence of ossified particles (OSP) in humans and rodents. Methods Human bone marrow blood vessels were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Whole blood samples were collected from younger (26‐39 years; n = 6) and older (55‐63 years; n = 6) volunteers and male Fischer‐344 rats (1 month, n = 7; 6 months, n = 7; 12 months, n = 7; 18‐months, n = 6; 24 months, n = 8). OSP in the whole blood samples were sorted and imaged with microscopy to determine diameter, circularity, and solidity. Additionally, the chemical composition of OSP was determined via elemental analysis. Results SEM revealed two types of ossified bone marrow blood vessels: that is, “transitioning” and “ossified.” OSP were adhered to the surface of transitioning vessels and theoretically gain access to and circulate within the blood. The majority of OSP were ≤15 μm in diameter, but many were of sufficient size to serve as emboli (ie, >15 μm).OSP were predominately oblong in shape and several had jagged tips and edges. Conclusions We introduce a novel, bone‐like blood particle that may be diagnostic of bone marrow blood vessel ossification. Further, OSP may associate with several disease states (eg, atherosclerosis).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Various Forms Of Vascular Calcification Have Been Observedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Discovery of a bone‐like blood particle in the peripheral circulation of humans and rodents

et al. 2019

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New Debates Surrounding the Histopathological Findings of Calciphylaxis—Do These Give Us New Insights Into Pathogenesis of the Disease?

Domínguez

2019

JAMA Dermatol

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Calciphylaxis, most commonly diagnosed in patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) but also affecting patients with normal renal function, is a devastating disease characterized by the development of ischemic skin lesions and associated with substantial patient morbidity and high 1-year mortality rates. 1 Calciphylaxis was thought to be a rare disease; however, in recent years, reports and publications on the topic have increased. 2 Whether this increase is due to a rise in incidence or improved recognition is unclear. Calciphylaxis is primarily a clinical diagnosis, made by the presence of livedoid skin changes or retiform ulcers, often with a thick eschar, overlying painful indurated subcutaneous plaques located predominantly in adipose-rich areas in patients with risk factors such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, long-term warfarin exposure, autoimmune disease, long-term corticosteroid use, hypercoagulable states, liver disease, and other comorbidities. Formal diagnosis has traditionally necessitated a skin biopsy; however, whether histologic confirmation is needed for typical cases has been debated, because the procedure could predispose the patient to significant morbidity, including inducing an ulcer, poor wound healing, and subsequent infection, and trigger worsening of the thrombotic component of the disease. Avoidance of ulceration is important because ulcers are associated with higher mortality. 1 To expand the arsenal of diagnostic tools available to physicians for diagnosing calciphylaxis and to minimize risks to the patient, in this issue of JAMA Dermatology, Mask-Bull et al 3 describe a case of suspected calciphylaxis on the thigh that was diagnosed using ultrasonographic-guided percutaneous coreneedle biopsy. Multiple specimens of adipose were obtained using a 14-gauge needle under local anesthesia. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated multiple foci of thrombosis, mixed inflammation, and mural calcification. Together with the clinical picture, these histopathologic findings support a diagnosis of calciphylaxis. The authors 3 argue that this procedure is less invasive and may carry a lower risk of complication while providing a greater volume of the target tissue (ie, adipose tissue) to pathologists. Radiographic guidance may also help to avoid false-negative findings where intermittent pathologic features within the vessels may be missed by standard biopsy. This report is to be taken with some caution, because some experts believe that calciphylaxis can koebnerize after mild skin trauma, including subcutaneous insulin and

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Dysbiotic gut microbes may contribute to hypertension by limiting vitamin D production

Zuo

et al. 2019

Clinical Cardiology

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Background Accumulating studies have suggested that gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and vitamin D3 deficiency each play an important role during the progression of hypertension (HTN). However, few studies have characterized the underlying interaction between GM shift and vitamin D3 deficiency in HTN patients. Hypothesis This study aimed to evaluate the possible crosstalk between GM dysbiosis and vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of HTN. Methods In a cohort of 34 HTN patients and 15 healthy controls, we analyzed the fecal microbiota products, GM composition, and the interaction between GM and vitamin D3. Results Vitamin D3 was significantly decreased in feces of HTN patients (P = .006, vs controls) and was correlated with altered GM, including decreased Shannon index (R2 = 0.1296, P = .0111) and Pielou evenness (R2 = 0.1509, P = .0058). Moreover, vitamin D3 positively correlated with HTN‐reduced bacterial genera, including Subdoligranulum (R2 = 0.181, P = .0023), Ruminiclostridium (R2 = 0.1217, P = .014), Intestinimonas (R2 = 0.2036, P = .0011), Pseudoflavonifractor (R2 = 0.1014, P = .0257), Paenibacillus (R2 = 0.089, P = .0373), and Marvinbryantia (R2 = 0.08173, P = .0464). Partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that 27.7% of the total effect of gut microbiome on HTN was mediated by limiting vitamin D production. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the predictive capacity of differential gut microbiome signatures and decreased vitamin D3 to distinguish HTN patients (AUC = 0.749, P = .006). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the GM dysbiosis contributing to the development of HTN might be partially mediated by vitamin D3 deficiency. Future studies involving the underlying mechanism and intervention strategies targeting microbiome composition and vitamin D3 to counteract the progression of HTN are warranted.

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A novel role of cellular interactions in vascular calcification

Cited by 68 publications

References 72 publications

Discovery of a bone‐like blood particle in the peripheral circulation of humans and rodents

Discovery of a bone‐like blood particle in the peripheral circulation of humans and rodents

New Debates Surrounding the Histopathological Findings of Calciphylaxis—Do These Give Us New Insights Into Pathogenesis of the Disease?

Dysbiotic gut microbes may contribute to hypertension by limiting vitamin D production

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