The selective oxidative C−C bond cleavage is essential for the production of functional molecules. Herein, a sustainable and efficient heterogeneous catalytic protocol is developed to facilitate the aerobic oxidative C−C bond cleavage, in which the selective conversion of vicinal diols to the corresponding aldehydes was achieved under a near-room-temperature condition with NH 3 -treated cobalt catalysts. Hydrobenzoin was selectively transformed to generate benzaldehyde with the solid Co m O n /C−N catalyst, where the conversion and product selectivity reached 96.7 and 99.0% under an oxygen atmosphere, respectively. Further investigations revealed that the high catalytic activity of the catalyst is contributed to numerous oxygen defects, which lead to efficient generation of active 1 O 2 species. Moreover, the Co m O n /C−N catalyst still exhibited a very high catalytic activity after it was continuously recycled five times. Finally, the oxidative cleavages of the C−C bond in the different 1,2-diols were also studied where more than 96.5% conversion of substrates and 99% selectivity of aldehydes were acquired under the optimal conditions.