A novel semi-fragile forensic watermarking scheme for remote sensing images

Serra-Ruiz, Jordi; Megías, David

doi:10.1080/01431161.2010.507256

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Once the selected blocks are generated, the scheme presented in Section 3 is applied (as shown in Figure 6 ). The experimental results for this method show an improvement of the previous method [ 10 ] with manual block selection. The PSNR values are shown in Table 1 for a “Cuprite” image.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Different works in the literature propose watermarking methods for satellite images. A semi-fragile watermarking scheme is proposed in [ 10 ] in which a hyperspectral image is used for embedding the watermark to provide tamper detection by using vector quantization approach. The hyperspectral image is segmented into three-dimensional blocks of pre-determined size, which determines the spatial resolution of both embedding and detection algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy-Based Semi-Fragile Watermarking of Remote Sensing Images in the Wavelet Domain

Serra-Ruiz

Qureshi

Megías

2019

Entropy

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This article presents a semi-fragile image tampering detection method for multi-band images. In the proposed scheme, a mark is embedded into remote sensing images, which have multiple frequential values for each pixel, applying tree-structured vector quantization. The mark is not embedded into each frequency band separately, but all the spectral values (known as signature) are used. The mark is embedded in the signature as a means to detect if the original image has been forged. The image is partitioned into three-dimensional blocks with varying sizes. The size of these blocks and the embedded mark is determined by the entropy of each region. The image blocks contain areas that have similar pixel values and represent smooth regions in multispectral or hyperspectral images. Each block is first transformed using the discrete wavelet transform. Then, a tree-structured vector quantizer (TSVQ) is constructed from the low-frequency region of each block. An iterative algorithm is applied to the generated trees until the resulting tree fulfils a requisite criterion. More precisely, the TSVQ tree that matches a particular value of entropy and provides a near-optimal value according to Shannon's rate-distortion function is selected. The proposed method is shown to be able to preserve the embedded mark under lossy compression (above a given threshold) but, at the same time, it detects possibly forged blocks and their positions in the whole image. Experimental results show how the scheme can be applied to detect forgery attacks, and JPEG2000 compression of the images can be applied without removing the authentication mark. The scheme is also compared to other works in the literature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy-Based Semi-Fragile Watermarking of Remote Sensing Images in the Wavelet Domain

Serra-Ruiz

Qureshi

Megías

2019

Entropy

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“…For reduced Mean Square Error (MSE) figures, they calculated the embedding strength separately for each spectral band. Serra-Ruiz and Megías in 2010 [14] proposed a method that uses the whole signature to embed a watermark for tamper detection using vector quantization. In the same year, Serra-Ruiz and Megías [15] proposed a semifragile watermarking scheme for remote sensing images.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Data Hiding in FTIR Microspectroscopy Images with Tamper Indication and Payload Error Correction

Fylakis

Keskinarkaus

Partala

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy images contain information from the whole infrared spectrum used for microspectroscopic analyses. In combination with the FTIR image, visible light images are used to depict the area from which the FTIR spectral image was sampled. These two images are traditionally acquired as separate files. This paper proposes a histogram shifting-based data hiding technique to embed visible light images in FTIR spectral images producing single entities. The primary objective is to improve data management efficiency. Secondary objectives are confidentiality, availability, and reliability. Since the integrity of biomedical data is vital, the proposed method applies reversible data hiding. After extraction of the embedded data, the FTIR image is reversed to its original state. Furthermore, the proposed method applies authentication tags generated with keyed Hash-Based Message Authentication Codes (HMAC) to detect tampered or corrupted areas of FTIR images. The experimental results show that the FTIR spectral images carrying the payload maintain good perceptual fidelity and the payload can be reliably recovered even after bit flipping or cropping attacks. It has been also shown that extraction successfully removes all modifications caused by the payload. Finally, authentication tags successfully indicated tampered FTIR image areas.

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“…8 and 9 use the whole signature to embed a watermark and Ref. 9 implements an LSB extraction in each pixel value, making the scheme robust against near-lossless compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some previous works [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] with remote sensing images and watermarking techniques. Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking scheme for tampering detection in remote sensing images using variable size tiling and DWT

Serra-Ruiz

Megías

2010

SPIE Proceedings

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In this paper, a semi-fragile watermarking scheme specifically developed for remote sensing images is presented. The method can be tuned to embed the mark depending on the content and the signature to be protected. The suggested method is based on tiling the original three-dimensional images into blocks of different sizes according to the relevance of the area to protect (bigger blocks are used for less relevant areas). For each of these blocks, the discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to each selected spectral band and the obtained LL DWT sub-bands are used to build a Tree-Structured Vector Quantization tree. This tree is then modified using an iterative algorithm until it satisfies some criterion. Once the target value is reached, the marked block is obtained using the new LL DWT sub-band together with the other original sub-bands (LH, HL and HH) of the block. A secret key produces a different criterion for each block in order to avoid copy-and-replace attacks. The use of the LL DWT sub-band for each spectral band makes it possible to obtain robustness against near-lossless compression attacks and, at the same time, relatively strong modifications are detected as tampering.

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A novel semi-fragile forensic watermarking scheme for remote sensing images

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Entropy-Based Semi-Fragile Watermarking of Remote Sensing Images in the Wavelet Domain

Entropy-Based Semi-Fragile Watermarking of Remote Sensing Images in the Wavelet Domain

Reversible Data Hiding in FTIR Microspectroscopy Images with Tamper Indication and Payload Error Correction

Watermarking scheme for tampering detection in remote sensing images using variable size tiling and DWT

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