Developing rapid,
specific, and low-cost electrogenerated chemiluminescence
(ECL) systems remains a compelling goal for many applications including
environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, and food safety. In
this study, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters, especially N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS), was exploited for the
first time as an efficient coreactant for anodic Ru(bpy)3
2+ ECL in neutral medium. Among the three tested NHS esters
(NHS, NHSS, NHPI), the NHSS exhibited much higher ECL intensity and
stability than the sulfonate-free esters, suggesting the essential
role of both the N-hydroxy (NOH) and sulfonate (SO3H) moieties in the developed Ru(bpy)3
2+ ECL system. The ECL generation process is rather straightforward,
not requiring time-consuming fabrication/modification steps of electrodes.
The anodic Ru(bpy)3
2+–NHSS system achieved
ECL detections with high selectivity and sensitivity toward l-proline (LOD = 50 nM) and Hg2+ (LOD = 10 nM), with a
linear range of 0.5–200 μM and 0.1–25 μM,
respectively. The method showed good recoveries (95.2–104.8%)
for l-proline and Hg2+ detection in real samples.
This study is a successful step toward the development of new coreactants
and may open new avenues for the applications of N-hydroxy compounds in ECL sensing.