A novel technique of harvesting cortical bone grafts during orthopaedic surgeries

Abstract

The harvesting and implanting of bone graft is a complicated and expensive orthopaedic procedure. This study introduces a unique designed hollow drill bit and a novel technique of rotary ultrasonic drilling of porcine bone to get a precise hole for screw insertion and can harvest cortical bone graft with the least bone debris generation. The new diamond impregnated hollow drill bit is compared with the conventional surgical drill bit with and without providing the ultrasonic vibrations. Also, variation in diamonds grit sizes (fine 70 µm, medium 155 µm, coarse 250 µm) and various process parameters like rotational speeds (500 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm), feedrate (10 mm/min, 30 mm/min, 50 mm/min) and amplitude (4 µm, 12 µm, 20 µm) were optimised for enriched graft quality of bone. The diamond hollow tool provides a cylindrical bone graft as per the geometry of hollow bit whereas the surgical drill gives dense spiral-shaped bone debris. While providing no ultrasonic vibrations to hollow bit, segmented bone grafts were observed. The optimised parameters for a continuous uniform rod-shaped bone graft with the least graft deformity are obtained with drilling at rotational speed of 2500 rpm, feedrate of 10 mm/min, using fine (70 µm) diamond abrasives and amplitude of 4 µm. Rotary ultrasonic bone drilling is a better alternative method to reduce the bone debris formation and is capable of providing solid cylindrical rod-shaped cortical bone graft using a fine (70 µm) diamond coated hollow drill tool. This first successful trail-based in-vitro study relates the chip morphology of bone debris with the graft quality of bone obtained during the surgery.

The personal protective equipment fabricated via 3D printing technology during COVID-19

“…PPE are furthermost manufactured devices during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their simplicity and low geometrical tolerance requirements. PPE include face shields, medical protective facemasks, goggles, gloves, surgical hood, outer apron and powered air-purifying respirator [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] . Out of these PPEs, facemask and face shield are considered mandatory for medical frontiers for protecting themselves from the COVID-19 virus.…”

Prediction of surface roughness and cutting force induced during rotary ultrasonic bone drilling via statistical and machine learning algorithms

“…Since the material properties of a fresh pig bone specimen are quite similar to that of human bones, researchers widely consider them to demonstrate the performance of their proposed approaches via experimental investigation. [12][13][14][31][32][33] For this reason, the authors have also chosen fresh pig bone specimens as part of the current experimental study. No animal was slaughtered during the in-vitro investigation, especially for this experimentation.…”

Post‐yielding fracture mechanics of 3D printed polymer‐based orthopedic cortical screws

“…These metallic biomaterials cause bone screw related complications like stress-shielding effect, screw failure, screw site prominence, bone re-fracture, complex, painful reoperation surgery for metallic screw extraction, tear and wear in the neighboring soft tissues. [3][4][5][6] The reported rate of screw misplacement for pedicle fixation ranges from 21% to 40%. [7,8] These complications can be overcome with the use of biodegradable bone screws.…”