A Novel Technique to Increase the Thickness of TiO₂ of Dental Implants by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser Treatment

Abstract

High bone–implant contact is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and long time clinical success of dental implants. Micro, nano, microtopography, and oxide layer of dental implants influence tissue response. The lasers were used for achieving an implant surface with homogeneous micro texturing and uncontaminated surface. The present study aimed to characterize the implant surfaces treated by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser treatment compared to machined implants. A total of 10 machined implants and 10 lasered surface implants were evaluated in this study. The implant surfaces were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and metallography to characterize and measure the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant titanium surface. The machined surfaces showed a non-homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The lasered implant surfaces showed a homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 400 nm and 460 nm in the area of the laser holes, while outside the layer, thickness ranged between 200 nm and 400 nm without microcracks or evidence of damage. Another exciting result after this laser treatment is a topographically controlled, repeatable, homogeneous, and clean surface. This technique can obtain the implant surface without leaving residues of foreign substances on it. The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface.

Titanium-Based Alloy Surface Modification with TiO2and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Multilayers for Dental Implants

“…Similarly, in our work, the multilayers could act as a protective layer to improve the corrosion resistance by avoiding the presence of possible toxic elements or metal debris from the implant bulk that might lead to bone diseases. Additional experiments will be performed about the long-term stability of the LbL-modified implants …”

“…Additional experiments will be performed about the long-term stability of the LbL-modified implants. 85 Implant material surfaces treated with sulfonate content are nontoxic, biocompatible, and osteointegrable. 86 Concerning the better performance of the (PSS/TiO 2 ) 5 PSS-modified implants, previous works have already investigated the role of the final layer of the PEM in cell adhesion and differentiation.…”