A novel thick-film electrical conductivity sensor suitable for liquid and soil conductivity measurements

Sophocleous, Marios; Atkinson, J.K.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.110

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The measured voltages have been translated to resistivity values based on the assumption that the cell constant of the sensor does not change significantly within the measured resistivity range. Based on the sensor's performance in previous experiments [24], the cell constant was assumed equal to the calculated geometrical value of 0.0611 meters within the range of resistivity values obtained here. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gold electrodes were printed using ESL 8844 ink (Electro Science) and the glass dielectric insulator was printed using ESL 4905-C (Electro Science) to expose a precise surface area of the electrodes. The individual sensor layers were printed and cured sequentially with the specific printing and curing procedure and temperatures as described previously [24]. A schematic of a single substrate with the printed layers is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further information on the construction, operation and performance of the sensor can be found in an earlier publication [24].…”

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Durable, Screen-Printed Sensor for <italic>In Situ</italic> and Real-Time Monitoring of Concrete's Electrical Resistivity Suitable for Smart Buildings/Cities and IoT

Sophocleous¹,

Savva²,

Petrou³

et al. 2018

IEEE Sens. Lett.

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This paper shows initial experimental results on the utilization of a low-cost, screen-printed resistivity sensor in concrete, with the aim of monitoring concrete moisture content in real-time. The sensor was tested in two different concrete types, one with high-absorptive aggregates (5.1%) and one with low-absorptive aggregates (1.0%). Initial experimental results show a significant correlation of the sensor's response and the moisture content of concrete, with the sensor being capable of distinguishing between different concrete types by their different drying rates. The sensor recorded very similar resistivity rates as those found in the literature with modelled sensor outputs of ρ=45.86+109.7+ln (t) and ρ=0.691+8.11*ln (t) for low-absorptive and high-absorptive mixtures, respectively. This sensor features the ability to be easily integrated in a structure management system employed within smart buildings and smart cities. These correlations of concrete resistivity with water content can provide vital information regarding key properties of concrete whose monitoring may contribute to more durable structures by the implementation of preventative maintenance rather than reactive maintenance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Durable, Screen-Printed Sensor for <italic>In Situ</italic> and Real-Time Monitoring of Concrete's Electrical Resistivity Suitable for Smart Buildings/Cities and IoT

Sophocleous¹,

Savva²,

Petrou³

et al. 2018

IEEE Sens. Lett.

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“…Though conductivity sensors are rarely used for monitoring sewers, electrical conductivity is an important parameter that can enable an analysis of the structure and properties of sediment or soil. Sophocleous and Atkinson [ 22 ] designed a thick film conductivity sensor by using four gold-stripe electrodes to measure the conductivity of soil with a 100 Hz to 5 kHz swept frequency range. This sensor is cost-effective and produced a good linear relationship between the output voltage and the conductivity of measured samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductance-Based Interface Detection for Multi-Phase Pipe Flow

Wang

Garcia

Davidson

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Sediment and flow depth monitoring in sewers is important for informing flow models and for predicting and mitigating against sewer blockage formation and surcharge. In this study, a novel sensor based on conductance measurement has been developed and tested under a laboratory environment and validated by a finite-element model. The relative conductance is measured between pairs of adjacent electrodes to provide a conductance profile along the sensor length. A piecewise linear relationship between conductance and electrode length was derived and the interface positions between sediment, water, and air can be determined from the profile. The results demonstrated that the root mean square error of the model and the measured interface level are within 1.4% and 2.6% of sensor’s measurement range. An error distribution of interface height shows that all anticipated errors are within the resolution of the electrode length increments. Furthermore, it was found that the conductivity of the measured medium is proportional to the gradient of the linear relationship of conductance and electrode length. It could therefore prove a valuable new tool for the accurate quantification of sediment and flow levels in sewer conduits, coastal environments, drainage systems for transport networks, and other industrial or academic applications.

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“…The dielectric permittivity was measured from the variation of amplitude to determine the water content. Other electric sensors measuring conductivity were introduced for various applications of water content measurement in liquids and solids [ 12 ] and fuel ethanol [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Measurement of Water Contents in Ethanol Using a Zeolite-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Kim

Yamamoto

Kim

2015

Sensors

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A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was utilized to measure the water content in ethanol. For the improvement of measurement sensitivity, the QCM was modified by applying zeolite particles on the surface with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) binder. The measurement performance was examined with ethanol of 1% to 5% water content in circulation. The experimental results showed that the frequency drop of the QCM was related with the water content though there was some deviation. The sensitivity of the zeolite-coated QCM was sufficient to be implemented in water content determination, and a higher ratio of silicon to aluminum in the molecular structure of the zeolite gave better performance. The coated surface was inspected by microscopy to show the distribution of zeolite particles and PMMA spread.

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A novel thick-film electrical conductivity sensor suitable for liquid and soil conductivity measurements

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

A Durable, Screen-Printed Sensor for <italic>In Situ</italic> and Real-Time Monitoring of Concrete's Electrical Resistivity Suitable for Smart Buildings/Cities and IoT

A Durable, Screen-Printed Sensor for <italic>In Situ</italic> and Real-Time Monitoring of Concrete's Electrical Resistivity Suitable for Smart Buildings/Cities and IoT

Conductance-Based Interface Detection for Multi-Phase Pipe Flow

In-Line Measurement of Water Contents in Ethanol Using a Zeolite-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance

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