“…Other guidance systems have aimed to address these issues but are only able to accommodate a single needle [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Most currently used navigation systems use electromagnetic [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] or optical tracking systems [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Robotic positioning and guidance platforms such as the AcuBot, B-Rob, INNOMOTION, the Mitsubishi RV-E2 lung biopsy robot, the KUKA LWR robot, the ROBIO EX, and the iSYS1 robot system provide accurate and stable needle guidance [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and are especially useful in the case of limited space at the skin entry site or a difficult angulated access.…”