A Novel XOR-Based Threshold Visual Cryptography with Adjustable Pixel Expansion

Guo, Yusheng; Jia, Xingxing; Chu, Qimeng; Wang, Daoshun

doi:10.3390/app10041321

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Comparative analysis of the various online voting systems: Objectives, techniques, and algorithms (Table 1). Voting via the internet, keeping track of the system, designing proper security goals, maintaining transparency while compared to the present work, making the work a success [9], and bringing over accurate results.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 96%

Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography

Tiwari

Kakelli

2021

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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The development of a secure online voting system using visual cryptography is highly essential for present voting systems. Based on the current requirements and design aspects of an existing online voting system, emerging technologies are required in online voting schemes, and these are examined in this work. The emerging cryptographic techniques which are suitable for secure online voting systems are analyzed. Techniques like password hashed-based schemes, visual cryptography, and threshold decryption cryptosystem are highlighted for secure online voting systems. Visual cryptography (VC) is a technique where visual information can be encrypted on the user side, with the information decrypted on the admin side, which can be helpful in allowing participation in voting systems securely and ensuring fast vote counting and monitoring of the voting process to achieve high accuracy while being scam-free. The proposed secure online voting system using visual cryptography is efficiently developed using Python and achieves better performance on minimum software and hardware configuration systems.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 96%

Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography

Tiwari

Kakelli

2021

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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“…Table 1 shows a comparison between the schemes that are proposed by Shen et al, 24 Shyu, 26 and Guo et al, 27 and this article, which mainly consider the pixel expansion, contrast, and computation complexity problems. The size of the reconstructed image is equal to that one of secret image if its pixel expansion is zero.…”

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 However, these XVCSs include many complex computation processes to construct the basis matrices, and the pixel expansion problems do not be completely avoided. 27…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient XOR-based visual cryptography scheme with lossless reconfigurable algorithms

Wang

Jiang

Qian

et al. 2022

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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This article proposes an efficient XOR-based visual cryptography scheme with lossless reconfigurable algorithms, which includes an encryption and a decryption schemes for gray-scale and color secret images. The encryption scheme aims to encrypt secret images by mapping them to several shared images that do not suffer any pixel expansion problem and do not reveal any information of the secret images by considering a random column selection algorithm based on the 0-mapping and 1-mapping matrices, where the two matrices are dynamically generated in the encryption scheme. Moreover, the proposed decryption scheme can reconstruct the secret images with only a series of XOR operations. The reconstructed images do not suffer any contrast distortion and pixel expansion problems comparing with their original secret images. Finally, the proposed two schemes are illustrated with the practical examples.

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“…Although their proposed scheme can eliminate pixel expansion entirely, there exists colored background noise in the recovered images. The scheme proposed by [34] approached the pixel expansion problem from a different perspective by proposing an XOR-based threshold VC scheme with adjustable pixel expansion. Their scheme was able to achieve the same average contrast regardless of the pixel expansion value.…”

Section: Binary Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quite a number of VC schemes have addressed pixel expansion, notably within the past 3 years [24,34,66,101,109]. However, this is at the expense of increased computational or memory complexity.…”

Section: Comparison Of Visual Cryptography Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of visual cryptography techniques

Ibrahim

Teh

Abdullah

2021

Multimed Tools Appl

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Visual cryptography is an encryption technique that decomposes secret images into multiple shares. These shares are digitally or physically overlapped to recover the original image, negating the need for complex mathematical operations or additional hardware. There have been many variations of visual cryptography proposed over the years, each addressing different problems or to fulfill different security requirements. Existing review papers on the area only cover certain types of visual cryptography or lack comparisons between the various schemes. To address this gap, this paper provides broad overview of the area to aid new researchers in identifying research problems or to select suitable visual cryptography methods for their desired applications. For more veteran researchers in the area, our paper provides the most up-to-date coverage of the state-of-the-art. We first provide an introduction to the various categories of visual cryptography techniques, including a discussion on recently proposed schemes. These schemes are then compared in terms of their features, performance metrics, advantages and disadvantages. Compared to prior work, we extend the number of comparison metrics to include signal-to-noise ratio and the type of shares. Over 40 visual cryptography schemes that have been proposed in the past two decades were analyzed and compared. Our findings indicate that existing problems such as pixel expansion, poor quality of recovered image quality, computational and memory complexities still exist, and a optimizing the trade-off between these requirements still requires further investigation. We conclude the paper with a discussion of these open problems and future research directions.

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A Novel XOR-Based Threshold Visual Cryptography with Adjustable Pixel Expansion

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography

Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography

An efficient XOR-based visual cryptography scheme with lossless reconfigurable algorithms

An overview of visual cryptography techniques

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