A Nucleotide Sequence Linked to the Vrs1 Locus for Studies of Differentiation in Cultivated Barley (Hovdeum Vulgare L.)

Abstract

A PCR-amplified DNA, cMWG699, is linked to the vrs1 (formerly v) locus controlling 2- and 6-rowed spikelets. Restriction analysis of the amplified DNA of 65 varieties from Europe, America, and East Asia revealed 3 alleles, named types K, A and D. Two-rowed varieties were mostly of type K allele, and 6-rowed varieties were mostly of type A allele. The type D allele was found only in three 6-rowed varieties. Sequence comparison of these alleles revealed that the type A allele is more closely related to the type K allele than to the type D allele. The sequence analysis also suggested that the types A and D alleles diverged earlier than when 6-rowed barley arose. On the assumption that 2-rowed barleys were the ancestors of 6-rowed barley, 6-rowed barleys with types A and D alleles probably differentiated from 2-rowed barleys with type A and D alleles, respectively, by independent mutations on the vrs1 locus.

Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences

“…Azumamugi), being representative of the Xu and I genomes, respectively, were included as outgroups on the basis of our previous study (Komatsuda et al 1999a). Sequence data on these outgroups had been determined previously (Tanno et al 1999(Tanno et al , 2001. DNA sequences were aligned using the Wisconsin Package Version 9.0 (Genetic Computer Group (GCG), Madison, Wisconsin, USA) by setting a gap weight of 5 and gap length weight of 1.…”

“…We used a nuclear DNA sequence of cMWG699, which harbours a high DNA sequence homology (80%) to the chloroplast translation elongation factor EF-G gene (HernandezTorres et al 1993). cMWG699 is closely linked to the vrs1 locus (two-/six-rowed spike) of barley, H. vulgare L. (Graner et al 1991, Komatsuda et al 1999a, and the DNA sequence has been used successfully for the phylogenetic study of diploids and tetraploids in Hordeum (Komatsuda et al 1999b, Tanno et al 1999, 2002, Petersen and Seberg 2003.…”

Genetic evidence for a second domestication of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) east of the Fertile Crescent

“…Distinct genetic loci governing the same domestication-related trait but found in different portions of the geographic range of a crop constitute strong evidence for multiple independent domestications (13). The genetic determination of three of the primary domesticationrelated traits in barley has been analyzed: (i) nonbrittle ears (22); (ii) ''kernel row type,'' which controls whether two or six rows of grains are produced (23)(24)(25)(26); and (iii) the presence or absence of hulls around the grain (27,28). Although the two genetic loci for nonbrittle ears are very closely linked (22,29), haplotype data from a flanking marker is consistent with the earlier finding of Takahashi (6,10) that different loci predominant in eastern and western cultivars (26,30).…”

Allelic variation at the EF-G locus among northern Moroccan six-rowed barleys

“…2000 m (Fig. This DNA provided the template for PCR amplification of the EF-G fragment, based on the primer pair T7-3 and T3-3 (Tanno et al, 1999). Four seeds from each accession were grown to isolate a single pure line to provide a source of DNA, which was extracted from leaves of 9-d-old seedlings following the protocol described by Komatsuda et al (1998).…”

“…vulgare), and is believed to have evolved from the tworowed type (Komatsuda et al, 2007) around the time of the crop's domestication (c. 6500 BCE) (Harlan, 1995). When the assay was applied to a collection of 65 cultivated barley accessions, Tanno et al (1999) uncovered a third allele D of EF-G, which was restricted to six-rowed types. The two co-dominant EF-G alleles (A and K, defined by a Taq I Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) assay) are generally correlated with, respectively, the six-and two-rowed type, although some recombinant genotypes existed (Komatsuda et al, 1999a).…”