A Numerical Capability to Analyze the Effects of Water Ingestion on Compression System Performance and Operability

Hale, Alan; Klepper, Jason; Hurwitz, Wayne

doi:10.1115/gt2005-68480

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The results presented by Härtel and Pfeifer [19] indicated that the assumption of evaporation in thermodynamic equilibrium will result to a significant overestimation of the benefits of wet compression. White and Meacock [20] analysis of wet compression indicated that the entropy increase due to phase change should not be neglected as done in the literature as for example by Sexton and Sexton [21] and Klepper et al [22]. Concerning the compressor operation with overspray Hill [15] discussed the possibility of stage rematching and consequently compressor map shift, a phenomenon further discussed by Horlock [24] and Ludorf et al [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of water injection effect on compressor and engine performance and operability

Roumeliotis

Mathioudakis

2010

Applied Energy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of water injection effect on compressor and engine performance and operability

Roumeliotis

Mathioudakis

2010

Applied Energy

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“…Analytical work dealing directly with steam ingestion effects is limited. Klepper et al [6,7] performed a 1D or mean line analysis of the effects of hot steam as opposed to atmospheric water vapor on a multistage compressor. It was shown that the quantity of steam increased the pressure ratio of the machine thus pushing its operation toward the stall or surge line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Prediction of Steam-Induced Stall-Margin Reduction in Two Transonic Rotor Fans

Gannon

Hobson

Hedges

et al. 2012

Volume 8: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C

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An investigation into the behavior of two transonic compressor rotors operating at nearstall conditions while ingesting hot-steam was undertaken. This type of inlet flow was similar to that experienced by naval aircraft during steam catapult launches and has had the potential to adversely affect engine performance. The research was divided into three broad areas: experimental, theoretical and numerical. The first area, experimental, used the Naval Postgraduate School's transonic compressor rig. The rig was modified to introduce hot steam into the inlet flow during testing. Two rotor-only tests were completed; one with an unswept rotor and the other with a forward swept rotor. The experimental program yielded two sets of results. The first recorded data on the operational behavior of a transonic compressor ingesting a super-heated steam and air mixture, notably the quantification of the stall margin (SM) reduction. The second data set captured transient measurements of the inlet flow gas properties. The transient inlet data were then used in the second research area; a theoretical analysis based on a thermodynamic model of the inlet flow. Prior to this investigation, little information was available for higher temperature steam-air mixtures of this type. The analysis used certain simplifying assumptions to perform a fundamental of the inflow which yielded the inlet flow transient changes of specific heat capacities, gas constants, and, therefore, sonic velocities. Using these transient inlet properties, the third area of the investigation was performed, developing a numerical model. A fully transient simulation over the time period of an ingestion event would not be practical due to the large computational requirements needed. A quasi-transient method with large intermediate time steps was developed. The method is presented and was found to be reasonable at predicting the stall-margin reduction when compared to the available experimental results. These results would have potential use in design applications and for evaluating existing compressor steam ingestion tolerance.

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Effects of Steam Ingestion on Under Fuselage Inlet Performance During a Catapult-Assisted Takeoff Process

Fan

Gao

Lee

2017

Journal of Fluids Engineering

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A naval aircraft has the potential to experience inlet performance decline when taking off from the carrier deck with the steam-driven catapult assistance. The steam ingested into inlet may cause time-dependent rise and spatial distortion of the total temperature on the inlet–exit, which would decrease the compressor stall margin and then lower the performance of the turbine engine. In this paper, these temporal and spatial temperature nonuniformities are numerically studied using the dual-time-step transient method with a real aircraft/inlet model taken into account. The flowfield characteristics of a designed baseline case are first analyzed, indicating that the engine’s suction effect and the wind velocity relative to the aircraft are two key factors affecting the steam ingestion. The former is dominant at the beginning of takeoff since the aircraft's velocity is low, while the latter is increasingly significant as the aircraft accelerates. Next, parametric studies show that the greater the wind speed is, the less significantly the flowfield of the inlet–exit would be influenced by the steam. The effects are also studied among various steam leakage profiles—two are constant in time histories of the steam leakage rate, whereas the other two are nonlinear with the maximum value at different instants. It is found that the temperature rise rate of the inlet–exit would increase apparently if the steam leakage rate reaches the maximum earlier.

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A Numerical Capability to Analyze the Effects of Water Ingestion on Compression System Performance and Operability

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of water injection effect on compressor and engine performance and operability

Evaluation of water injection effect on compressor and engine performance and operability

Investigation and Prediction of Steam-Induced Stall-Margin Reduction in Two Transonic Rotor Fans

Effects of Steam Ingestion on Under Fuselage Inlet Performance During a Catapult-Assisted Takeoff Process

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