A Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Functionally Graded Foams

Towards a virtual functionally graded foam: Defining the large strain constitutive response of an isotropic closed cell polymeric cellular solid

“…It is important to note that following initial calibration of E f (ρ f ) and the values of Table 1, the numerical curves of Figure 1 were generated simply by varying ρ f . Following from Cui et al, [2] and Kiernan et al, [21], curves of higher density foams may subsequently be extrapolated using this method.…”

Multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of functionally lateral graded foam-filled tubes

“…In order to improve the crashworthiness of foam-filled thin-walled structures, the functionally graded foam (FGF) material [26][27][28][29] was recently considered to replace the uniform foam (UF) material. Sun et al [30] investigated the energy absorption characteristics of FGF-filled tubes in comparison with the UF-filled tubes and implemented crashworthiness optimization for these FGF-filled tubes.…”