A numerical simulation of red tide formation

Yanagi, Tetsuo; Yamamoto, Takakazu; Koizumi, Yoshitsugu; Ikeda, Toshihiko; Kamizono, M.; Tamori, Hiroshige

doi:10.1016/0924-7963(94)00027-9

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dippner, 1993;Yanagi et al, 1995;Patsch and Radach, 1997;Tagushi and Nakata, 1998;Lancelot et al, 2002). Indeed, ecosystem models are necessary to assess the ecosystem's vulnerability to contaminants of anthropogenic origin and to calculate the transfer and accumulation of toxic substances from one level of the foodweb to the next.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the nitrogen fluxes in the Black Sea using a 3D coupledhydrodynamical-biogeochemical model: transport versus biogeochemicalprocesses, exchanges across the shelf break and comparison of the shelf anddeep sea ecodynamics

Grégoire

Beckers

2004

Biogeosciences

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Abstract.A 6-compartment biogeochemical model of nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity has been coupled with a 3D general circulation model in an enclosed environment (the Black Sea) so as to quantify and compare, on a seasonal and annual scale, the typical internal biogeochemical functioning of the shelf and of the deep sea as well as to estimate the nitrogen and water exchanges at the shelf break. Model results indicate that the annual nitrogen net export to the deep sea roughly corresponds to the annual load of nitrogen discharged by the rivers on the shelf.The model estimated vertically integrated gross annual primary production is 130 g C m −2 yr −1 for the whole basin, 220 g C m −2 yr −1 for the shelf and 40 g C m −2 yr −1 for the central basin. In agreement with sediment trap observations, model results indicate a rapid and efficient recycling of particulate organic matter in the sub-oxic portion of the water column (60-80 m) of the open sea. More than 95% of the PON produced in the euphotic layer is recycled in the upper 100 m of the water column, 87% in the upper 80 m and 67% in the euphotic layer. The model estimates the annual export of POC towards the anoxic layer to 4 10 10 mol yr −1 . This POC is definitely lost for the system and represents 2% of the annual primary production of the open sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the nitrogen fluxes in the Black Sea using a 3D coupledhydrodynamical-biogeochemical model: transport versus biogeochemicalprocesses, exchanges across the shelf break and comparison of the shelf anddeep sea ecodynamics

Grégoire

Beckers

2004

Biogeosciences

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“…This problem is not so strong in an Eulerian framework because of the continuous nature of the system. Yanagi et al (1995) achieved fair qualitative agreement of the predicted and observed cell concentrations. However, the more interesting aspect of their study was an examination of the changes in the model predictions when nocturnal nutrient uptake, vertical migration, or advection were turned off in the model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…No zooplankton dynamics were included. Several interesting aspects of the Yanagi et al (1995) model have to do with the initialization, forcing, and running of the model. Yanagi et al had access to temperature, salinity, nutrient, and cell concentration data gathered throughout the Seto Inland Sea on four days during a 2X-week period in July.…”

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confidence: 99%

Models of harmful algal blooms

Franks

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

113

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Models used to study harmful algal blooms are a subset of those used to examine more general planktonic processes. Most models have been heuristic, examining the likelihood of certain processes generating a harmful algal bloom. Several models have been more closely coupled to field data and have been used to gain insights into the dynamics underlying the observations. As better physical and biological models are developed, models may play an increasingly important role in harmful algal bloom research. Techniyucs such as data assimilation may increase the predictive power of models, suggest stratcgics for improving field sampling, and better constrain poorly known parameters and proccsscs.Beginning with Kierstead and Slobodkin's (1953) model of the opposing effects of growth and diffusion in the formation of a bloom, models have served useful purposes in the study of bloom dynamics. These range from the testing of theoretical hypotheses to the identification and quantification of processes contributing to bloom formation, More recent advances in modeling techniques may allow models to play an increasingly important role in understanding and predicting blooms.Models of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a small subset of models used in biological oceanography or plankton ecology in general. However, HABs present a particular set of problems that makes them interesting, socially relevant, and possibly excellent models for more general plankton dynamics. The most obvious aspect of HABs is that they often consist of a single species that grows toxic or unusually dense. To describe the dynamics of this species we must be able to adequately describe the dynamics of the ecosystem in which the species is embedded.In the sections below, I present many of the models used to explore HABs (Table 1). I have arranged the models by degree of complexity, beginning with highly aggregated biological models with no physical dynamics. These models segue into biological models with more resolution of taxa or species -less aggregation, more complexity, and more unknown parameters and processes. I then explore coupled physical-biological models used to study HABs, beginning with those using only simple physics (e.g. diffusion or swimming) and then examining those with more detailed physical dynamics. Throughout the presentation of these models, I emphasize the similarities of model structure, the way in which the models have been used, and the aspects of the models that might help us understand the dynamics underlying harmful algal blooms. Finally, I discuss some of the directions that I feel might be most fruitful for models of HABs, including a closer coupling with field programs and the use of data assimilation to better dissect the dynamics of the blooms. AcknowledgmentsI thank Sharon Franks for constructive comments on this manuscript.

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“…Many scientists have conducted physiological and ecological studies to reduce the extent of damage to fisheries caused by harmful algal blooms [2,3]. A method with clay has been used extensively because of the ease of obtaining clay and its low cost; however, the application of clay can cause problems, such as toxins released from flocculated cells and adverse effects on organisms [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the acute toxicities of novel algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to various marine organisms

Kim

Yim

Park

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Acute toxicity assessments of new algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to the marine ecological system were conducted. The toxicity assessments were performed using two of the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods employing Ulva pertusa Kjellman and three species representative of the marine ecological system, with the results compared by calculating the 50% effective concentration (EC50), 50% lethal concentration (LC50), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), and predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). In the acute toxicity assessment using the Kjellman, the EC50, NOEC, and PNEC of TD53 were 1.65 µM, 0.08 µM, and 1.65 nM, and those of TD49 were 0.18 µM, 0.63 µM, and 0.18 nM. In the assessments using Skeletonema costatum, Daphnia magna, and Paralichthys olivaceus fry, the EC50 or LC50 of TD53 were 1.53, 0.61, and 2.14 µM, respectively, indicating that D. magna was the most sensitive. The calculated NOEC and PNEC to D. magna were 0.25 µM and 6.10 nM, respectively. The LC50s (or EC50) of TD49 for the three species were 0.34, 0.68, and 0.58 µM. The NOEC and PNEC to S. costatum, the most sensitive species, were 0.2 µM and 3.4 nM, respectively. The slight difference in the chemical structures of the algicides caused significantly different sensitivities and specificities in the toxicities to the employed species. The results of the toxicity assessments showed that application concentrations for algiciding of red tide blooms were higher than the corresponding PNEC values. Therefore, we suggest that a formulization study of the algicides with high specificity should be conducted to reduce the surrounding ecological toxicity.

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A numerical simulation of red tide formation

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Modeling the nitrogen fluxes in the Black Sea using a 3D coupledhydrodynamical-biogeochemical model: transport versus biogeochemicalprocesses, exchanges across the shelf break and comparison of the shelf anddeep sea ecodynamics

Modeling the nitrogen fluxes in the Black Sea using a 3D coupledhydrodynamical-biogeochemical model: transport versus biogeochemicalprocesses, exchanges across the shelf break and comparison of the shelf anddeep sea ecodynamics

Models of harmful algal blooms

Comparison of the acute toxicities of novel algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to various marine organisms

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