A P4 medicine perspective of gut microbiota and prediabetes: Systems analysis and personalized intervention

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes worldwide and has become a global public health problem. Generally, individuals go to hospitals and get healthcare only when they have obvious T2D symptoms. While the underlying cause and mechanism of the disease are usually not well understood, treatment is for the symptoms, but not for the disease cause, and patients often continue to progress with more symptoms. Prediabetes is the early stage of diabetes and provides a good time window for intervention and prevention. However, with few symptoms, prediabetes is usually ignored without any treatment. Obviously, it is far from ideal to rely on the traditional medical system for diabetes healthcare. As a result, the medical system must be transformed from a reactive approach to a proactive approach. Root cause analysis and personalized intervention should be conducted for patients with prediabetes. Based on systems medicine, also known as P4 medicine, with a predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory approach, new medical system is expected to significantly promote the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as prediabetes and diabetes. Many studies have shown that the occurrence and development of diabetes is closely related to gut microbiota. However, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota has not been fully elucidated. This review describes the research on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes and some exploratory trials on the interventions of prediabetes based on P4 medicine model. Furthermore, we also discussed how these findings might influence the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future, thereby to improve the wellness of human beings.

Indole-3-Propionic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Sepsis-Induced Gut Microbiota Disturbance

“…Microbial metabolites are increasingly recognized as key mediators of the injury responses in multiple organs distant from the gut ( 10 – 13 ). For example, gut microbiota-generated granisetron mediates the susceptibility of sepsis-induced liver injury ( 14 ), and short-chain fatty acids exert neuroprotective effects against sepsis-induced behavioral impairment ( 15 ).…”

lncRNA ZFAS1 Positively Facilitates Endothelial Ferroptosis via miR-7-5p/ACSL4 Axis in Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Among the current treatments of DR, the first and foremost is controlling blood sugar. Multiple evidence has pointed out that changing lifestyle, ameliorating insulin resistance, and repairing damaged β islet cell function can effectively delay the occurrence of DR [57][58][59]. DR is now recognized as a neuro-and vaso-degenerative rather than a microvascular disease, even in early stage when neuron loss is not evident [60,61].…”

Influence of group B streptococcus and vaginal cleanliness on the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women

“…Diseases associated with vaginal infections cause significant burden to society[ 12 ]. Clinical data plus microbiome may be a good model to predict the personalized health status[ 13 ]. The vaginal microbiome plays an essential role in women’s reproductive health, and GBS status and vaginal cleanliness are crucial in maintaining the vaginal microenvironment[ 14 , 15 ].…”