A Parallel Functional Topography between Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex: Evidence and Implications for Cognitive Control

Taren, Adrienne A.; Venkatraman, Vinod; Huettel, Scott A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5762-10.2011

Cited by 102 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Interestingly, the three human cingulate motor areas show substantial overlap with the corresponding three PREDICTION and EVALUATION regions found here in the ACC. The EVALUATION region in particular coincides with a region that has topographic connections with widespread regions of lateral prefrontal cortex (Beckmann et al, 2009; Blumenfeld et al, 2012; Taren et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Distinct regions of anterior cingulate cortex signal prediction and outcome evaluation

Jahn

Nee²,

Alexander

et al. 2014

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A number of theories have been proposed to account for the role of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the broader medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cognition. The recent Prediction of Response Outcome (PRO) computational model casts the mPFC in part as performing two theoretically distinct functions: learning to predict the various possible outcomes of actions, and then evaluating those predictions against the actual outcomes. Simulations have shown that this new model can account for an unprecedented range of known mPFC effects, but the central theory of distinct prediction and evaluation mechanisms within ACC remains untested. Using combined computational neural modeling and fMRI, we show here that prediction and evaluation signals are indeed each represented in the ACC, and furthermore, they are represented in distinct regions within ACC. Our task independently manipulated both the number of predicted outcomes and the degree to which outcomes violated expectancies, the former providing assessment of regions sensitive to prediction and the latter providing assessment of regions sensitive to evaluation. Using quantitative regressors derived from the PRO computational model, we show that prediction-based model signals load on a network including the posterior and perigenual ACC, but outcome evaluation model signals load on the mid-dorsal ACC. These findings are consistent with distinct prediction and evaluation signals as posited by the PRO model and provide new perspective on a large set of known effects within ACC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Distinct regions of anterior cingulate cortex signal prediction and outcome evaluation

Jahn

Nee²,

Alexander

et al. 2014

NeuroImage

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“…There is evidence that this tract is important in language production, as damage to it has been correlated with reductions in verbal fluency in aphasia patients (Catani et al, 2013). Other work has shown a rostrocaudal gradient of resting-state functional connectivity between pre-SMA and lateral PFC, such that posterior portions of pre-SMA are more strongly connected with posterior portions of lateral PFC, while anterior pre-SMA is connected with anterior portions of lateral PFC (Taren et al, 2011). There is also reason to believe that more posterior connections between these regions are more preserved with aging, as Ford et al reported that anatomical connections measured by diffusion tractography between left posterior IFG and posterior medial PFC were stronger, relative to more anterior connections between these regions, in older adults than in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on value-directed modulation of semantic network activity during verbal learning

et al. 2016

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While impairments in memory recall are apparent in aging, older adults show a remarkably preserved ability to selectively remember information deemed valuable. Here, we use fMRI to compare brain activation in healthy older and younger adults during encoding of high and low value words to determine whether there are differences in how older adults achieve value-directed memory selectivity. We find that memory selectivity in older adults is associated with value-related changes in activation during word presentation in left hemisphere regions that are involved in semantic processing, similar to young adults. However, highly selective young adults show a relatively greater increase in semantic network activity during encoding of high-value items, whereas highly selective older adults show relatively diminished activity during encoding of low-value items. Additionally, only younger adults showed value-related increases in activity in semantic and reward processing regions during presentation of the value cue preceding each to-be-remembered word. Young adults therefore respond to cue value more proactively than do older adults, yet the magnitude of value-related differences in cue period brain activity did not predict individual differences in memory selectivity. Thus, our data also show that age-related reductions in prestimulus activity do not always lead to inefficient performance.

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“…Again, this decrease was nonexistent in the old navigation group. The lateral prefrontal cortex, including the middle frontal gyrus, is known to be activated during spatial working memory tasks (Nagel et al, 2009) and in higher-order cognitive control tasks (Miller and Cohen, 2001;Taren et al, 2011). Given that older adults performed less well than younger adults in the spatial navigation task, it is conceivable that the training posed higher demands on working memory and cognitive control in the older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical thickness changes following spatial navigation training in adulthood and aging

et al. 2012

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A widespread network involving cortical and subcortical brain structures forms the neural substrate of human spatial navigation. Most studies investigating plasticity of this network have focused on the hippocampus. Here, we investigate age differences in cortical thickness changes evoked by four months of spatial navigation training in 91 men aged 20-30 or 60-70 years. Cortical thickness was automatically measured before, immediately after, and four months after termination of training. Younger as well as older navigators evidenced large improvements in navigation performance that were partly maintained after termination of training. Importantly, training-related cortical thickening in left precuneus and paracentral lobule were observed in young navigators only. Thus, spatial navigation training appears to affect cortical brain structure of young adults, but there is reduced potential for experience-dependent cortical alterations in old age.

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A Parallel Functional Topography between Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex: Evidence and Implications for Cognitive Control

Cited by 102 publications

References 45 publications

Distinct regions of anterior cingulate cortex signal prediction and outcome evaluation

Distinct regions of anterior cingulate cortex signal prediction and outcome evaluation

Effects of aging on value-directed modulation of semantic network activity during verbal learning

Cortical thickness changes following spatial navigation training in adulthood and aging

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