A passively mode-locked intracavity frequency doubled Nd:YVO₄femtosecond green laser based on graphene

Abstract

By using an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method with a C 2 H 2 carbon source, seven-layer graphene films as saturable absorbers are fabricated and transferred to an anti-reflective mirror of 1064 nm wavelength range. Based on this transmission-type graphene saturable absorber mirror (GSAM), a continuous wave (CW) passively mode-locked femtosecond green laser is achieved by 808 nm laser diode (LD) end-pumped Nd:YVO 4 crystal and type-I critical phase-matched LBO crystal intracavity frequency doubling for the first time. Stable ultrashort green laser pulses as short as 374 fs are measured with a repetition rate of 71.4 MHz and an average output power of 117 mW at a central wavelength of 531.7 nm.

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

“…This work promotes the application of graphene and other layered materials in mode‐locked solid‐state lasers. Up to now, plenty of mode‐locked solid‐state lasers using layered materials such as graphene, TMDCs, and BP have been achieved, as shown in Table . It can be seen that these lasers have excellent performance in pulse width, repetition rate, and pulse energy, which is not inferior to similar lasers.…”

“…In order to obtain laser pulses at different wavelengths, the researchers used different gain media in the abovementioned solid‐state lasers, including Nd:YAG, Yb:KGW, Nd:GdVO 4 , Cr:forsterite, Tm:YAP, Tm:CLNGG, Ti:sapphire, Tm:Lu 2 O 3 , Cr:ZnSe, Yb:GAGG, Cr:YAG, Nd:YVO 4 , Cr:ZnS, Yb:YAG, Cr:LiSAF, Yb:CYA, Tm:MgW, Pr:GdLiF 4 , and Yb,Lu:CALGO . Using abundant gain media and layered materials, the researchers have extended the operation wavelength of mode‐locked solid‐state lasers from visible light to near infrared, even 3 µm mid‐infrared band.…”

Pulsed LD side-pumped MgO: LN electro-optic cavity-dumped 1123 nm Nd: YAG laser with short pulse width and high peak power

“…At 100 Hz, the spot diameters at the same location are 2.6 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. The theoretical simulation shows that the difference between the spot sizes of the sagittal and tangential multi-mode beams is very small in the ceramic Nd: YAG rod and the EO crystal MgO: LN, which could improve the stability and beam quality of laser output [29] . The larger laser spot could also reduce the risk of light damage to ceramic Nd: YAG rod, MgO: LN crystal and optical coating.…”

Application of 2D Materials to Ultrashort Laser Pulse Generation

“…This is why most of the graphene-based SSLs utilize monolayer or bi-layer graphene. Up till now, mode locking of SSLs ranging from 532 to 2500 nm has been demonstrated [75,76].…”