A pathogenesis study of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N2 in chickens, using immunohistochemistry

Brown, Corrie C.; Olander, H. J.; Senne, Dennis A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(92)90009-j

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This report revealed that an avian influenza virus which is highly pathogenic for chickens infects mice and causes severe encephalitis by intranasal exposure. Experimental viremic exposure to neurotropic influenza virus has produced panencephalitis, meningo-or ependymoencephalitis in birds and mice [1,6,7,11]. In the present study, CNS lesions were mainly located in the pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellar nuclei.…”

supporting

confidence: 46%

Encephalitis in Mice Inoculated Intranasally with an Influenza Virus Strain Originated from a Water Bird.

Shinya

Silvano

Morita

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Five-week-old ddY mice were inoculated intranasally with a low virulent (4e) or highly virulent (24a5b) avian influenza virus strain originated from a water bird. None of mice in the 4e group showed clinical signs and brain lesions. Of the 24a5b group, two mice died and one mouse was killed at a moribund state at day 7 post-inoculation (PI). Four mice of the 24a5b group necropsied at day 5 or 7 PI had mild to severe encephalitis in the brain stem and the cerebellar white matter. Influenza virus antigen was detected in neurons, glial cells and vascular endothelium in the lesions. The distribution of the lesions seems to indicate the transneuronal invasion of the virus via cranial nerve fibers into the brain.-KEY WORDS: avian influenza virus, encephalitis, mouse.

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supporting

confidence: 46%

Encephalitis in Mice Inoculated Intranasally with an Influenza Virus Strain Originated from a Water Bird.

Shinya

Silvano

Morita

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The major gross pathological findings in chickens infected with highly pathogenic influenza viruses are petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages in the skin and on the serosa of visceral organs, widespread subcutaneous oedema, and ischaemic necrosis of the comb and wattles (Easterday et al, 1997). Histologically, these chickens show severe injuries to the vascular system including necrosis, vasculitis, and thrombosis (Acland et al, 1984;Brown et al, 1992;Hooper et al, 1995;Kobayashi et al, 1996;Silvano et al, 1997). In our study, although the embryos infected with virulent viruses Primary target cells of AIV 271 did not show the pathological changes seen in chickens, the tropism of the virulent viruses for vascular endothelial cells is common to both embryos and chickens.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Primary target cells of virulent strains of type A influenza virus in chicken embryos

Park¹,

Ozaki²,

Takada³

et al. 2001

Avian Pathology

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Virulent or avirulent strains of type A influenza virus were inoculated into the allantoic cavities of chicken embryos. The antigens of virulent strains appeared initially in the surface epithelium of the allantoic membrane, then in vascular endothelial cells of the chorioallantoic membrane and visceral organs of the embryos, and then spread to parenchymal cells of many organs. In contrast, the antigens of the avirulent strain were confined to the allantoic membrane. These observations indicate that the primary target of virulent influenza viruses in chicken embryos is vascular endothelial cells, and that the embryos died after systemic viral infection.

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“…The brain-passaged strain produced plaques in trypsin-free chicken embryo fibroblast cultures, and also showed marked pathogenicity for 8-day-old chicks, with 100% (14/14) mortality within 42 hr PI (unpublished data). These findings suggest that the brain-passaged strain was a fowl plague type or highly pathogenic strain of type A influenza virus [1,3,7,9,14]. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report in which a low virulent type A influenza virus converted into highly pathogenic or fowl plague type virus after experimental in vivo passages in chicks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Enhanced Neuropathogenicity of Avian Influenza A Virus by Passages through Air Sac and Brain of Chicks.

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. Three-day-old, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were inoculated with the strains of influenza A/whistling swan/Shimane/ 499/83 (H5N3) via the air sac route. The strains had been passaged through air sacs or air sacs and brains of SPF chicks. Two experiments were undertaken to examine the pathogenicity of these strains and the development of brain lesions based on time-interval changes. In experiment 1, original strain (4e) showed low pathogenicity with mild respiratory signs and zero mortality. Air sac passaged strains (18a and 24a) of 4e demonstrated mortalities of 50% and 67%, respectively, and inoculated chicks showed hemorrhages and necrotic lesions in major organs. Air sac-brain passaged strain (24a5b) of 4e produced 100% mortality and severe nervous signs. Severe circulatory disturbance with multiple foci of necrosis in major organs including the brain was found in chicks inoculated with 24a5b. The 24a5b was analogous to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in regard to its pathogenicity to chicks. Hence, low pathogenic influenza virus (4e) gradually aggravated its pathogenicity to highly pathogenic virus (24a5b) by air sac and brain passages. In experiment 2, chicks were inoculated with 24a5b, and the earliest histological lesion was the enlargement of the vascular endothelial cells at 18 hr postinoculation (PI) followed by necrotizing encephalitis at 24 to 48 hr PI. Immunohistological staining revealed avian influenza virus antigen initially in the vascular endothelial cells and then in the astrocytes, neurons and ependyma. -KEY WORDS: avian influenza virus, chick, neuropathogenicity, passaged-strain.

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A pathogenesis study of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N2 in chickens, using immunohistochemistry

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Encephalitis in Mice Inoculated Intranasally with an Influenza Virus Strain Originated from a Water Bird.

Encephalitis in Mice Inoculated Intranasally with an Influenza Virus Strain Originated from a Water Bird.

Primary target cells of virulent strains of type A influenza virus in chicken embryos

Enhanced Neuropathogenicity of Avian Influenza A Virus by Passages through Air Sac and Brain of Chicks.

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