A pathway towards the development and evolution of consumer behavior: Policy directions for sustainable development and improvement of nutrition

Abstract

IntroductionThe virtuality, concealment, uncertainty and complexity of online trading make the online food trading market have security risks, while the lack of information, information asymmetry and imperfect market system make the “lemon problem” in the market increasingly obvious.MethodsIn order to clearly understand and manage the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, we built an evolutionary game model involving the seller, buyers and online food trading platform, deeply analyzed the formation process of the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, and revealed the influencing factors and effects of each subject’s strategy choice from the perspectives of subsidy, punishment, cost, and benefit.ResultsFindings of this study reveal that: (1) In the online food trading market, the strategy of the seller, buyer and platform will be stable in six situations, and the “lemon problem” will emerge with the development and evolution of the online food trading market. (2) The strategy of each subject in the online food trading market will be affected by variables like cost difference between positive performance and negative performance of the seller, punishment from the buyer with positive participation to the seller with negative performance, subsidy from the platform with positive regulation to the seller with positive performance, etc., and different factors have different influence directions and degrees on the subject strategy. (3) In the online food trading market, cost, punishment, subsidy and benefit have different effects on the subject’s strategy. Among them, cost and cost difference have the most significant impact on the subject’s strategy, followed by punishment and benefit difference, and subsidy and additional benefit have less impact on the subject’s strategy.DiscussionBased on our study findings, it is proposed that by constructing a complete and standardized system of online food trading market from the aspects of examination and verification institution, reward and punishment institution, and supervision institution, it will be able to provide reference for managing the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, promoting the sustainable development of the market, and ensuring the safety of online food.

Research on Value Co-Creation Strategies for Stakeholders of Takeaway Platforms Based on Tripartite Evolutionary Game

“…If the cost of rewards is too low, consumers have little incentive to give positive feedback, and all three stakeholders have no stable strategy choice, but are in a cyclical oscillation state. Therefore, takeaway platforms should improve the reward mechanism for positive feedback from consumers [35], dynamically adjust the rewards given to consumers, and set up various reward channels such as feedback points mall and rank competition rewards to give them motivation for active feedback and participation in value co-creation. (3) The network externality losses borne by low-quality service providers when they are discovered will affect the rate at which takeaway platform stakeholders choose value co-creation strategies.…”

A study assessing the impact of income relative deprivation and cooperative membership on rural residents' health: A pathway towards improving the health status of rural residents

“…In rural areas of China, farmers live and work in villages; therefore, they are familiar with one another and less connected to people from other areas. Hence, they are more likely to compare their income to others who live in the same village [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]. Farmers are relatively deprived if they feel more disadvantaged in income than their peers in the same village, and in turn, higher income differences lead to a more significant increase in relative deprivation [ 9 ].…”

“…In addition, with the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, as well as rural transformation in China, many young residents migrate to cities and towns to work while the elderly remain in the countryside. As a result, the elderly in rural areas are economically disadvantaged and are more likely to perceive relative deprivation [ 20 , 22 , 25 , 26 ]. Health as human capital is related to rural residents' happiness and welfare [ 27 ], socioeconomic status [ [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ], personal development, and the ideals of living [ [32] , [33] , [34] ].…”