A pen that ‘looks like a CEO in a business suit’: gendering the fountain pen

Kaygan, Harun; Kaygan, Pınar; Demir, Özümcan

doi:10.1080/09589236.2017.1409105

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Because the implementation of complex technologies may take longer and involve more uncertainty (in terms of both adoption and financial returns), women entrepreneurs might view the adoption of more complex technologies as conflicting with their socially ascribed feminine role, which directs them to avoid risk. To retain their gender identity, therefore, women entrepreneurs may be less likely to invest in technologies that are more complex as these business “artifacts” are more congruent with the masculine identity (Kaygan et al , 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, technology and decision-making: insights from an experimental conjoint analysis

Bendell

Sullivan

Hanek

2020

IJEBR

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in how men and women small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs make decisions regarding whether to invest in technologies for their firms. Answering recent calls for a gendered perspective in entrepreneurial decision-making, this study integrates premises from social identity theory and role congruity theory to help explain innovation investment decisions among male and female SME entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 121 SME entrepreneurs in the dry cleaning industry, the authors employ a conjoint experimental methodology to capture decisions SME entrepreneurs make to adopt or reject an environment-friendly dry cleaning technology. The authors examine the role gender, firm revenue, technology price, and technology complexity play in entrepreneur investment decisions.FindingsThe authors find that gender indirectly impacts innovation purchase decisions through interactions with firm revenue and key innovation characteristics. Women SME entrepreneurs were less likely to purchase the technology than their male counterparts at low (and high) firm revenue, high innovation price, and high innovation complexity—all highly risky, masculine, choice contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings suggest that men and women's entrepreneurial investment decisions might be shaped by gender stereotypes. Future research should sample additional industries and determine the norms guiding gendered decision-making.Originality/valueBeyond the decision to launch a new venture, this multi-level analysis, using the lens of social identity and role congruity theories, helps illuminate how men and women SME entrepreneurs approach innovation investment decision-making in significantly different—and gender role consistent—ways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, technology and decision-making: insights from an experimental conjoint analysis

Bendell

Sullivan

Hanek

2020

IJEBR

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“…This separation is also apparent in task allocation throughout the design process, in which more technological, technical, “hard” design tasks are attributed to men ( Kaygan, 2014 ). The design outcomes also reproduce gender stereotypes by reinforcing the ascribed relationship between certain esthetic/functional features and gender via reflecting the gendered division of domestic tasks, e.g., washing machine as feminine due to washing clothes is considered a women’s task ( Aaltojärvi, 2012 ) or hegemonic gendered relations common in work settings, e.g., sophisticated and prototypical fountain pen designs reflecting business masculinity associated with executive men ( Kaygan et al, 2019 ). Such design practices end up reinforcing hegemonic gender order grounded to the gender binary, and create further barriers and intensify exclusionary repercussions on gender non-conforming others on the individual scale ( Denz and Eggink, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dis/re-orienting design through norm-critical gender lenses: an educational case in Turkey

Yetiş,

Bakırlıoğlu

2024

Front. Sociol.

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Design, as a practice of developing solutions beyond products, and increasingly services and policies, inevitably poses an impact on gender (in)equality which remains largely unrecognized by design practitioners. This paper advocates the urgent need for adopting gender lenses in design education for sustainable cultural transformation through proper recognition of the complexity of any societal and cultural issue, power relations and inequalities, and introduces an initial attempt through a graduate-level educational design project. Throughout the project, students critically reflected on existing orientations in designing to develop norm-critical gender lenses, contained the resultant disorientation emerging from the contrast between their critical approaches and local contexts, and explored novel directions as reorientation to address four different societal and cultural issues and develop 11 design outcomes aiming at gender equality, social justice-oriented empowerment, and cultural transformation. The authors analyzed the design processes and outcomes to reveal opportunities and challenges for developing and deploying norm-critical gender lenses in tackling complex, intersecting socio-cultural and political issues, under three themes: gender stereotypes, norms, expectations, and roles; intersectional power relations and inequalities embedded in the social structure; and social justice-oriented empowerment beyond the market-oriented individualistic neoliberal order. A shift in the perceptions of the role of designers, from creator/problem-solver to facilitator/participant, and design outcomes, from absolute solutions to intermediaries of sociological and political imaginations, is found crucial in this endeavor, which requires safe spaces for future designers to reflect on existing orientations, contain disorientation with negative capability, and explore novel ways through reorientation.

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“…A recent paper on the gendering of fountain pens takes the examination of the interactional aspects further, and studies men's and women's pens within the specific context of the office (Kaygan, Kaygan, and Demir 2019). Accordingly, fountain pens that represent the hegemonic executive masculinity in the office are intimately linked to a network of men's status objects, i.e.…”

Section: Framing Gendering Of Products By Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Interactions Mediated by Design: Sexual Harassment on Public Transport

Kaygan¹,

Kaygan

Keysan

2022

Design and Culture

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This paper explores the gendered interactions that are mediated by designed products in actual use contexts. Our case is vehicle design for public transportation, a product category that is from the outset relatively gender-neutral, when compared to explicitly gender-segregated categories such as household electronics, cars and toys, even if its real users are more often women than men. The empirical basis of research comes from interviews with women passengers. Our analysis demonstrates that seemingly gender-neutral designs can be merely gender-blind in that they have significant impact in the gendered experiences of its userswhich includes, in this case, being exposed to or feeling the risk of sexual harassment and assault in public transportation as a woman. Therefore, feminist design interventions into mobility environments can provide immediate practical solutions that would be complementary to the policy and law making efforts that are necessary to ensure safety for women in public transport.

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A pen that ‘looks like a CEO in a business suit’: gendering the fountain pen

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Gender, technology and decision-making: insights from an experimental conjoint analysis

Gender, technology and decision-making: insights from an experimental conjoint analysis

Dis/re-orienting design through norm-critical gender lenses: an educational case in Turkey

Gendered Interactions Mediated by Design: Sexual Harassment on Public Transport

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