A pervaporation-assisted bioreactor to enhance efficiency in the synthesis of a novel biolubricant based on the enzymatic transesterification of a castor oil based biodiesel

Diaz, Paola Andrea Borda; Kronemberger, Frederico de Araujo; Habert, Alberto Cláudio

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.025

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Transesterification with TMP at 40 • C, 0.4% catalyst, and atmospheric pressure, using a pervaporation membrane to remove CH 4 59 [123] Soybean oil and lipase Esterification with NG and TMP at 45 • C, 4% catalyst, and 6 h 90 [124] Palm oil and solid acid catalyst Esterification with NG at 180 • C, 2% catalyst, 0.5:1 molar ratio and 4 h 85 [125] Palm kernel oil with lipase Transesterification with isoamyl alcohol at 45 It should be noted that there are other works dealing with the transesterification of vegetable oils (castor, coconut, and palm kernel oils) with methanol to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (that is, biodiesel), but for a different purpose, as thanks to the use of some additives biolubricants with different viscosity values were satisfactorily obtained [131]. In that sense, the biolubricant obtained from castor oil presented the highest viscosity value due to the high percentage of ricinoleic acid in the original oil, whose OH-group contributed to the increase in viscosity.…”

Section: Raw Materials and Catalyst Chemical Conditions 1 Conversion ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends

Nogales-Delgado,

Encinar,

González

2023

Catalysts

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The use of biolubricants as an alternative to petroleum-based products has played an important role in the last decade. Due to the encouragement of global policies, which mainly support green chemistry and circular economy, there has been an increasing interest in bio-based products, including biolubricants, from scientific and industrial points of view. Their raw materials, production, and characteristics might vary, as biolubricants present different applications for a wide range of practical uses, making this field a continuously changing subject of study by researchers. The aim of this work was to study biolubricant production from vegetable oil crops from a bio-refinery perspective, paying attention to the main raw materials used, the corresponding production methods (with a special focus on double transesterification), the role of catalysts and some techno-economic studies. Thus, the main factors affecting quality parameters such as viscosity or oxidative stability have been covered, including catalyst addition, reaction temperature, or the use of raw materials, reagents, or additives were also analyzed. In conclusion, the search for suitable raw materials, the use of heterogeneous catalysts to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the process, and the optimization of chemical conditions seem to be the most interesting research lines according to the literature.

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Section: Raw Materials and Catalyst Chemical Conditions 1 Conversion ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends

Nogales-Delgado,

Encinar,

González

2023

Catalysts

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“…It is first declared that esterification and pervaporation as two relatively independent units that co-exist in the technique, and the first step of the raw material treating process is esterification, then enter into pervaporation installation, and finally go back to conduct the esterification after separating the water. The batch operation described above is the subject of current studies, which achieves satisfactory results. − Nonetheless, these studies are still localized to intermittent reaction, instead of mostly accomplishing the goal of continuous production. , The applications of different membranes in the esterification–pervaporation coupling system in recent years are reorganized in Table .…”

Section: Biodiesel By Pervaporation-enhanced Esterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Review of Biodiesel by Integrated Membrane Separation Technologies That Enhanced Esterification/Transesterification

Ding

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Nowadays, the production of biodiesel from various renewable sources is becoming increasingly urgent because fossil fuels are becoming less and less available and accessible. Biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low pollution emissions are merely some properties making biodiesel a more environmentally friendly fuel. Esterification/transesterification is the most commonly used method to produce the biodiesel, whose reaction products are water/glycerol and mixed fatty acid esters. The membrane separation methods are applied to remove water/glycerol, which is capable of upsetting the chemical equilibrium of esterification/ transesterification controlled by thermodynamics and facilitating the reaction to proceed forward accordingly. The integrated membrane separation process is coupled with the chemical reaction, which could isolate a certain product from the reaction system with the reaction going on. That means that it is possible for the membrane separation technology to burst the restraints of original chemical equilibrium to gain the higher equilibrium conversion rate and yield. In comparison to other methods, the membrane separation technique coupled with chemical reaction has the ability to increase the reaction conversion rate, shorten the reaction time, and evenly reduce energy consumption.

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“…Pervaporation has been implemented successfully in continuous synthesis since it is sufficiently robust and powerful in continuous separation and scalable by design. [5][6][7] However, despite many advances in new membranes and improvements of process design, [8][9][10] understanding of the mass transfer in the whole membrane device remains a challenge to be addressed for more effective designs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and operation of an enhanced pervaporation device with static mixers

2021

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Pervaporation has a high potential for separating miscible solutions, particularly azeotropic mixtures. However, mass transfer limitations have long been a common concern in pervaporation device design. Therefore, in this work, we design a static mixer-based pervaporation device using water-ethanol separation as a model system and further develop computational fluid dynamics tools to investigate systematically all the influencing parameters. In the experiments, we use three-dimensional printed helical static mixers in the feed liquid channel to enhance mass transfer and implement a Sulzer pervaporation membrane for fast removal of water from ethanol. Using flow and mass-transfer simulations, we fit the membrane mass transfer coefficient and provide predictive models for optimal process design. Our pervaporation assembly exhibits promising performance and potential toward pervaporation processes for the removal of water from organics and is preferably scaled out by using stackable designs.

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A pervaporation-assisted bioreactor to enhance efficiency in the synthesis of a novel biolubricant based on the enzymatic transesterification of a castor oil based biodiesel

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends

A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends

Mini Review of Biodiesel by Integrated Membrane Separation Technologies That Enhanced Esterification/Transesterification

Design and operation of an enhanced pervaporation device with static mixers

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