A phenomenological model for dynamic response of double-network hydrogel composite undergoing transient transition

Abstract

We present a phenomenological model for dynamic deformation and mechanical response of double-network (with short-chained ionic network and long-chained covalent network) hydrogel composite based on theory of transient networks. Molecular structures and stress-strain relations of the hydrogel composite were investigated based on thermomechanical properties of the individual network. Constitutive relations were derived for its nonlinear viscoelastic responses and annihilation/reformation rates of active short chains were determined by means of Eyring formula. An extended Volokh model was proposed to separate effects of large strain hysteresis and anomalous viscoelastic relaxation on the hydrogel composite after strain reversal. Experimental results from rate-independent tests are well in agreement with that of the numerical simulations. This study provides a fundamental simulation tool for modelling and predicting mechanics and mechanisms of viscoelastic response and mechanical responses in double-network hydrogel composite.

3‐Dimensional Printing of Hydrogel‐Based Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review on the Technology Description, Properties, and Applications

“…In recent years, research on hydrogels has been altered to optimize mechanical and chemical properties, specifically in biomedical applications. [103][104][105] New types of hydrogels, such as NC hydrogels [106] and double network hydrogels, [107,108] are being developed to enhance the mentioned properties. The large available space in the hydrogel network provides locations for a high quantity of nanoparticles and also acts as a nanoreactor for their synthesis.…”

Unraveling bio-inspired pre-swollen effects of tetra-polyethylene glycol double network hydrogels with ultra-stretchable yielding strain

“…of a single chain can be obtained from equations (17) and 29, The end-to-end extension ( z ) can also be expressed as: ( 1)…”

Preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropan sulfonic acid)‐g‐Carboxymethyl cellulose/Titanium dioxide hydrogels and modeling of their swelling capacity and mechanic strength behaviors by response surface method technique

“…[ 38 ] The ionic charge and composition variation of hydrogels are challenges for these models. [ 16 ] In the mechanical strength studies, some constitutive models for IPN hydrogels have been proposed such as Gent hyperelastic model, [ 39 ] Arruda‐Boyce eight‐chain model, [ 40 ] micromechanically based constitutive model, [ 41 ] phenomenological model, [ 42 ] and micromechanical model. [ 43 ] These models in a broad framework, it has been stated that the short chain mesh structures in these hydrogels exhibit an easy breaking behavior under low deformation force, while the long mesh structures carry and spread the force.…”