A Phylogeny of the Tropical Genus &lt;I&gt;Piper&lt;/I&gt; Using ITS and the Chloroplast Intron &lt;I&gt;psbJ–petA&lt;/I&gt;

Jaramillo, M. Alejandra; Callejas, Ricardo; Davidson, Christopher; Smith, James F.; Stevens, Angela C.; Tepe, Eric J.

doi:10.1600/036364408786500244

Cited by 107 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Piper (Piperaceae) is a genus of shrubs, vines, and small trees represented by some 1,500 species in the New World (21). Piper represents a common and diverse component of Neotropical wet forest understories, with up to 64 species in a single lowland forest location (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Salazar

Marquis

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Increases in species diversity and density from higher to lower latitudes are well documented. Nevertheless, the consequences of these changes in diversity for structuring ecological communities and influencing biotic evolution are largely unknown. It is widely believed that this increase in species diversity is associated with increased intensity of ecological interactions closer to the equator. For plant-herbivore interactions in particular, the predictions are that, at lower latitudes, plants will be attacked by more individual herbivores, more herbivore species, and more specialized herbivores and, therefore, will suffer greater damage. We used a large-scale latitudinal transect from Mexico to Bolivia to quantify changes in leaf damage, diversity, and abundance of lepidopteran larvae on two widely distributed host species of the genus Piper (Piperaceae). We show that both density and species richness of herbivores were highest at the equator and decreased with increasing latitude, both northward and southward. Contrary to expectation, however, this increase in herbivore diversity was attributable to the addition of generalist not specialist species. Finally, and again contrary to expectation, the increase in herbivore density with decreasing latitude did not produce a corresponding damage gradient. We propose that the lack of a latitudinal concordance between increases in herbivore density and diversity with decreasing latitude, and the resulting herbivore damage, supports the hypothesis of better plant antiherbivore defenses at lower latitudes. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of generalist vs. specialist species suggest that the nature of the selective pressure is intrinsically different between higher and lower latitudes.herbivory | latitudinal gradient | Lepidoptera

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confidence: 99%

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Salazar

Marquis

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…Phylogenetic studies reported to Piper has described some relationship degree to P. aduncum and P. hispidum both belonging to Radula subclade, and P. marginatum with P. peltatum, which are representative species of Pothomorphe subclade 2,17,18 (to the best of our knowledge additional species studied here has not been reported into phylogenetic analysis). However, our research let us to conclude different relationships as follows: P. subtomentosum (flowers) and P. artanthe (aerial part); P. hispidum (leaves and roots) and P. marginatum (aerial part); P. arboreum (aerial part), P. amalago (leaves) and P. holtonii (aerial part); and P. eriopodom (fruits and leaves) and P. cumanense (leaves); and P. peltatum (aerial part), P. septuplinervium (aerial part) and Piper sp.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The statistical comparison on secondary metabolites from Piper plants achieved here could be paralleled with those to DNA sequence or related data in the same way as those to morphological characters published before to establish a phylogeny of genus Piper. However, many species studied in the present paper has not been included into the most recent publications about phylogenetic relationships to Piper species 2,17,18 . Moreover, the high species diversity within Piper is unique among the traditional Magnoliidae 3 , constituting this genus as a complicated case of study.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS OF UNFRACTIONATED Piper PLANT EXTRACTS BY HPLC-UV-DAD COUPLED WITH CHEMOMETRIC METHODS

Bernal

Delgado

Cuca

2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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ABSTRACT23 crude ethanolic extracts of Piper plants were analyzed by combining HPLC fingerprints and chemometric methods including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). All statistical analysis were carried out both with and without previous preprocessing by counting with alignment of the fingerprints by correlation optimized warping (COW) and several normalization methods. Normalization processes of autoscaling, range scaling and vast scaling resulted to be the better offering the most relevant information. Both direct two-way methods (PCA and HCA) and HCA after data minimization employing a three-way method (PARAFAC) were demonstrated to be useful in the establishment of chemical composition relationships among Piper samples, and resulting in agreement with phylogenic relationships previously reported in literature to some Piper species.

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“…and speciesrich Piper has been explored using cladistic and molecular methods (see Jaramillo & Manos 2001;Jaramillo & Callejas 2004;Wanke et al 2007). As a result Macropiper has been merged within Piper (Jaramillo et al 2008). In their paper, Jaramillo et al (2008) Gardner 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand flora: new names in Piper (Piperaceae)

Lange¹

2012

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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A Phylogeny of the Tropical Genus <I>Piper</I> Using ITS and the Chloroplast Intron <I>psbJ–petA</I>

Cited by 107 publications

References 30 publications

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS OF UNFRACTIONATED Piper PLANT EXTRACTS BY HPLC-UV-DAD COUPLED WITH CHEMOMETRIC METHODS

Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand flora: new names in Piper (Piperaceae)

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