A physical approach in the understanding of the phenomena accompanying the thermal treatment of lignin

Effect of Charcoal and Kraft-Lignin Addition on Coke Compression Strength and Reactivity

“…Empty space, together with the fact that biomass acts as an inert material in the development of plasticity, results in a weaker coke structure in the case of bio-coke with Kraft-lignin. It has also been stated that lignin undergoes several dilation and shrinking stages at a temperature range from 140 to 600 °C [32], which might also contribute to the formation of a weak matrix. …”

Micro-pyrolysis of technical lignins in a new modular rig and product analysis by GC–MS/FID and GC×GC–TOFMS/FID

“…The essential reason for these deviations is unreliable weighing. Because of the strong swelling of lignin during heating [15] in the small reactor the sample amount was reduced to 3 mg to avoid uncontrolled expansions. This was proven to be the lower sample weight limit of the system.…”

“…These preparative methods work very well and give comprehensive process and product information, but are more complex and time consuming in comparison to small-scale analytical units. Furthermore, the preparative pyrolysis of lignins often causes problems (blockage) by means of the low softening point of the polymer [15].…”

Lignin and derivative charcoals: Functional groups involved in the adsorption phenomenon

“…This is due to thermal treatment of lignin. Indeed, carbonization is accompanied by a loss of mass [40] and the development of a plastic phase by crazing [40,41] that gives to the material its thermal resistance [40] and its amorphous character shown by the diffractograms of X-rays that we have done (figure 4). Indeed, diffractograms do not have a horizontal baseline.…”