A Phytochemical Approach to Promotion of Self-renewal in Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cell by Using Sedum Sarmentosum Extract

Abstract

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis of spermatogenesis, which is dependent on the ability to self-renew and differentiation. Controlling self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs could apply to treatment of disease such as male infertility. Recently, in the field of stem cell research, it was demonstrated that effective increase in stem cell activity can be achieved by using growth factors derived from plant extracts. In this study, our aim is to investigate components from natural plant to improve the self-renewal of SSCs. To find the components, germ cells were cultured with comprehensive natural plant extracts, and then the more pure fraction, and finally single compound at different concentrations. As a result, we found 5H-purin-6-amine at 1 µg/mL, originated from Sedum sarmentosum, was a very effective compound induced SSCs proliferation. Our data showed that germ cells cultured with 5H-purin-6-amine could maintain their stable characteristics. Furthermore, transplantation results demonstrated that 5H-purin-6-amine at 1 µg/mL increased the activity of SSCs, indicating the compound could increase true SSC concentration within germ cells to 1.96-fold. These findings would be contributed to improve further reproductive research and treat male infertility by using natural plant extracts.

Role of Antioxidant Natural Products in Management of Infertility: A Review of Their Medicinal Potential

“…In the case of ROS, current studies identified the bilateral aspects of ROS in spermatogenesis working as activators as well as inhibitors [ 173 ]. Novel mechanisms such as the proliferation of SSC by 5H-purin-6-amine, PI3K/AKR, SFK signaling pathways, and the lack of Nrf2 genes were reported to probably affect arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity [ 41 , 59 ]. Moreover, the fluctuation of hormones such as FSH, are caused by more than one physiological process, therefore the hormonal changes by certain natural products should be interpreted with a wider variety of possibilities [ 174 , 175 ].…”

“…The results identified that date palm pollen extract could be clinically used to enable the proliferation and differentiation of sperm cells. Jung et al reported that 5H-purin-6-amine at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL originated from Sedum sarmentosum , was an effective compound inducing spermatogonial stem cells proliferation [ 41 ]. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) from C57BL/6-TG-EGFP were cultured for 1 week with 1 µg/mL 5H-purin-6-amine which was identified as n-butanol fraction (Bu) of Sedum sarmentosum .…”

Apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in infertility: A mini review

“… Sertoli cells, spermatogonia stem cells from mice 0.06, 0.25, 0.62 mg/mL; 14 days Increase in proliferation of spermatogonia [84] Plant 5 H-purin-6-amine, Sedum sarmentosum extract In vitro Sedum sarmentosum Spermatogonial stem cells C57BL. 6-TG-EGFP 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/mL; 1 week Increase of self-renewal in SSCs ↑ PLZF, GFRα1, VASA, Lhx1 ↓ Pgk2 [85] Plant Licorice extract In vitro Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Testis tissue from C57BL/6 N mice 0.2, 2, 20 µmol/L; 72 h Increase in proliferation of spermatogonia ↑ PCNA, SCP3, Spo11 [86] Plant Lycium barbarum polysaccharide In vitro Lycium barbarum Linn.…”

Reproductive Toxicity Study of Hairy Fig (Ficus hispida L.f.) Fruits on Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

“…Metabolit sekunder tumbuhan adalah salah satu agen kimiawi eksogen yang dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi spermatogenesis. Antioksidan atau reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor berperan penting dalam menjaga kesehatan sel-sel spermatogenik sehingga dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik (Jung et al, 2017;Noh et al, 2020).…”