“…Several studies in the Philippines had cited the concerning mathematics proficiency of secondary school students (i.e. Alcantara & Abanador, 2018;Pascual & San Pedro, 2018;Galigao, 2021;Ha, 2011;Magayon & Tan, 2016;Garinganao & Bearneza, 2021;Cabuquin & Abocejo, 2023;Flores, 2019;Santos et al, 2022;Guinocor et al, 2020;Pagaran et al, 2022;Igarashi & Suryadarma, 2023;Balanquit & Ballado, 2023;Lapinid et al, 2022;Callaman & Itaas, 2020;Pecjo, 2023;Cabrella & Junsay, 2019;Valderama, 2022 ). In fact, Bernardo (2020) also cited the Netherlands-based research that Filipinos fared worst among fifty-eight countries in an assessment for Grade 4 students.…”