A picture's meaning: The design and evaluation of pictographs illustrating patient discharge instructions

Perri, Seneca I.; Argo, Lauren; Kuang, Jinqiu; Bui, Duy Duc An; Hill, Brent; Bray, Bruce E.; Treitler-Zeng, Qing

doi:10.1080/17538068.2016.1145877

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Most participants completed the questionnaire in 10-20 minutes. Each participant received a US $10 gift card for participation [45]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Pictograph Recognition: A Comparison of Crowdsourcing and Traditional Survey Approaches

Kuang¹,

Argo²,

Stoddard³

et al. 2015

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundCompared to traditional methods of participant recruitment, online crowdsourcing platforms provide a fast and low-cost alternative. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a large and well-known crowdsourcing service. It has developed into the leading platform for crowdsourcing recruitment.ObjectiveTo explore the application of online crowdsourcing for health informatics research, specifically the testing of medical pictographs.MethodsA set of pictographs created for cardiovascular hospital discharge instructions was tested for recognition. This set of illustrations (n=486) was first tested through an in-person survey in a hospital setting (n=150) and then using online MTurk participants (n=150). We analyzed these survey results to determine their comparability.ResultsBoth the demographics and the pictograph recognition rates of online participants were different from those of the in-person participants. In the multivariable linear regression model comparing the 2 groups, the MTurk group scored significantly higher than the hospital sample after adjusting for potential demographic characteristics (adjusted mean difference 0.18, 95% CI 0.08-0.28, P<.001). The adjusted mean ratings were 2.95 (95% CI 2.89-3.02) for the in-person hospital sample and 3.14 (95% CI 3.07-3.20) for the online MTurk sample on a 4-point Likert scale (1=totally incorrect, 4=totally correct).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that crowdsourcing is a viable complement to traditional in-person surveys, but it cannot replace them.

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“…Most participants completed the questionnaire in 10-20 minutes. Each participant received a US $10 gift card for participation [45]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Pictograph Recognition: A Comparison of Crowdsourcing and Traditional Survey Approaches

Kuang¹,

Argo²,

Stoddard³

et al. 2015

J Med Internet Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One reason is that pictographs are not universally comprehensible, and some illustrations may not be appropriate to meet all cultures and all types of medical conditions. 16 , 43 Our sample had a high rate of cell phone ownership and most were experienced at texting despite limited income, education and low health literacy scores. We could not account for the impact of the participants’ cell phone and texting experiences on the feedback provided in helping us develop and improve the pictographs and pictograph sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Redesigning pictographs for patients with low health literacy and establishing preliminary steps for delivery via smart phones

Wolpin¹,

Nguyen²,

Parks³

et al. 2016

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background:Pictographs (or pictograms) have been widely utilized to convey medication related messages and to address nonadherence among patients with low health literacy. Yet, patients do not always interpret the intended messages on commonly used pictographs correctly and there are questions how they may be delivered on mobile devices.Objective:Our objectives are to refine a set of pictographs to use as medication reminders and to establish preliminary steps for delivery via smart phones.Methods:Card sorting was used to identify existing pictographs that focus group members found “not easy” to understand. Participants then explored improvements to these pictographs while iterations were sketched in real-time by a graphic artist. Feedback was also solicited on how selected pictographs might be delivered via smart phones in a sequential reminder message. The study was conducted at a community learning center that provides literacy services to underserved populations in Seattle, WA. Participants aged 18 years and older who met the criteria for low health literacy using S-TOFHLA were recruited.Results:Among the 45 participants screened for health literacy, 29 were eligible and consented to participate. Across four focus group sessions, participants examined 91 commonly used pictographs, 20 of these were ultimately refined to improve comprehensibility using participatory design approaches. All participants in the fifth focus group owned and used cell phones and provided feedback on preferred sequencing of pictographs to represent medication messages.Conclusion:Low literacy adults found a substantial number of common medication label pictographs difficult to understand. Participative design processes helped generate new pictographs, as well as feedback on the sequencing of messages on cell phones, that may be evaluated in future research.

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A Physician's Perspective on the Incorporation of Pictograms as a Supplement to Medical Instructions in Chile: A Pilot Study

Figueroa

Taramasco

Flores

et al. 2023

IRBM

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A picture's meaning: The design and evaluation of pictographs illustrating patient discharge instructions

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Assessing Pictograph Recognition: A Comparison of Crowdsourcing and Traditional Survey Approaches

Assessing Pictograph Recognition: A Comparison of Crowdsourcing and Traditional Survey Approaches

Redesigning pictographs for patients with low health literacy and establishing preliminary steps for delivery via smart phones

A Physician's Perspective on the Incorporation of Pictograms as a Supplement to Medical Instructions in Chile: A Pilot Study

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