A pilot investigation of pyrolysis from oil and gas extraction from oil shale by in-situ superheated steam injection

Kang, Zhiqin; Zhao, Yangsheng; Yang, Dinglong; Tian, Lijun; Li, Xiang

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106785

Cited by 82 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…According to heat source, they can be divided into conduction, convection and radiation heating [13]. Among these heating methods, convective heating outstands for high heat conduction, fast heating and high recovery rates [14,15]. During an in situ heat injection exploitation of oil shale, with the pyrolysis of organic matter and the thermal fracture of the inorganic mineral skeleton, there takes place a constant evolution of the pore structure of oil shale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on pore and fracture evolution characteristics of oil shale pyrolysed by high-temperature water vapour

Kang¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

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In this study, a self-designed test system for injecting water vapour was used to pyrolyse oil shale from Barkol, Xinjiang, China. The internal structure of oil shale samples after water vapour pyrolysis at different temperatures was characterised using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The results showed that under the action of high-temperature water vapour, oil shale underwent evident thermal cracking and pyrolysis, and the porosity increased from 0.08% of the original state to 16.73% at 550 °C. At 300 °C, the maximum pore group was distributed along the bedding plane due to the influence of thermal cracking, and the equivalent diameter was 1201.73 μm. When the water vapour temperature increased from 300 °C to 400 °C, the organic matter at a low boiling point in oil shale began to pyrolyse, forming several pores. These pores were gradually connected with adjacent fractures. The pores with an equivalent diameter of approximately100-500 μm in oil shale accounted for > 60% of the total pore volume. The maximum pore cluster expanded perpendicular to the bedding plane, but there was still no effective seepage channel. With an increase in the water vapour temperature, the largescale pyrolysis of organic matter began and the pores and fractures in oil shale were continuously generated and gradually connected; at 450 °C, the seepage channel connecting the entire digital core area began to form. At 550 °C, the equivalent diameter of the maximum pore group reached 5756.72 μm, accounting for 69.65% of the total pore volume.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on pore and fracture evolution characteristics of oil shale pyrolysed by high-temperature water vapour

Kang¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

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“…The strategy can be implemented in the following steps: drill wells into the oil shale formation, heat up the oil shale in the original formation to the pyrolysis temperature, convert the organic matter in the oil shale into shale oil in that formation, and directly pump the shale oil to the surface via the wells. Thus, the in-situ pyrolysis strategy can extract oil without getting the waste residues [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the heating cycle is often as long as 3-5 years, because the oil shale formation is not modified. Taiyuan University of Technology [19][20][21] suggested heating the oil shale formation by injecting superheated steam into that formation after hydraulic fracturing of oil shale; once it is injected into the formation, the superheated steam will cool down quickly, and liquefy into water; the water will remain in the oil shale formation, hindering the subsequent heating. As a result, this technology has not been tested in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Numerical Simulation of In-Situ Pyrolysis of Oil Shale Through Horizontal Well Fracturing with Nitrogen Injection

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

IJHT

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An in-situ pyrolysis technology was proposed for shallow oil shale: drilling horizontal wells to the oil shale formation, connecting the horizontal well sections through hydraulic fracturing, injecting nitrogen from the surface to bottomhole, heating up the nitrogen to a high temperature at the bottom, and directly using the high-temperature nitrogen for oil shale pyrolysis. Then, a mathematical model was established for the heat transfer within the oil shale, and a simplified physical model was created for in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale, and used to simulate the heat transfer process. The simulation results show that, with the extension of heating time, the area of effectively pyrolyzed oil shale formation took up an increasingly large proportion of the total cross-sectional area of the formation; however, the increase of the pyrolysis area ratio was rather slow, and the temperature was unevenly distributed in the formation after a long duration of heating. Therefore, the 300d in-situ heating was split into two stages: 250d of heating in the heating well and 50d of heating in the production well. The two-stage heating maximized the heating area of oil shale, and heated 57% of the cross-sectional area up to 400℃, ensuring the effectiveness of pyrolysis. Moreover, this heating scheme ensured an even distribution of temperature in oil shale formation, a high energy utilization, and a desirable heating effect.

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“…One such resource is oil shale. The estimated reserve of oil shale around the world is about 400 billion barrels of oil recoverable. , In India, oil shale is found in the Upper Assam region of North East India. − Oil shale can be converted into oil and gas by pyrolysis. The conversion of oil shale into valuable products and the kinetics of oil shale pyrolysis have been studied extensively. − Pyrolysis reaction conditions significantly influence product distribution and composition; hence, the determination of suitable pyrolysis parameters is vital for obtaining the yield of desired composition. , The use of a well-controlled pressurized pyrolysis process has been proven to be effective for the production of high-value fuel from oil shale as well as other carbonaceous materials. − Oil shale pyrolysis involves the breakdown of organic matter (kerogen) simultaneously with the mineral matter surrounding it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Pressure on Nonisothermal Pyrolysis Kinetics of Oil Shale and Product Yield

Baruah

Tiwari

2020

Energy Fuels

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The current work presents a comprehensive study on nonisothermal high-pressure pyrolysis kinetics of oil shale and the influence of pressure on product yield. High-pressure thermogravimetric analyses of the oil shale samples were carried out from 30 to 900 °C, at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min −1 , under isobaric pressure values of 5, 10, 20, and 30 bar using a wellcontrolled high-pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HP-TGA). The organic matter decomposition zone was identified from HP-TGA data and the activation energy values were determined using isoconversional methods. Under the pressurized condition, oil shale exhibited mean apparent activation energy values ranging from 341 to 451 kJ mol −1 . The possible decomposition mechanisms were identified as D3 diffusion model, followed by second-order reaction model, and A3 Avrami−Erofeev nucleation model as the decomposition progressed and products formed. Further, the lab-scale pyrolysis experimental matrix was designed based on HP-TGA data, and the products obtained were characterized for compositional analysis. The percentage of permanent gases viz. hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased dramatically with the increase of pyrolysis pressure. The derived pyrolytic oils showed a decrease in specific density (879−831 g cm −3 ) and carbon number (C 38 to C 22 ) with an increase in pressure. Nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis of the pyrolytic oil indicated a reduction in the total aromatic content (from 22 to 9 wt %) due to coking of aromatics, and a subsequent increase in the percentage of aliphatics and alkanes due to cracking of straight-chain moieties. The octane number of obtained pyrolytic oils ranged from 83 to 88. The results obtained suggest that the choice of the pressurized pyrolysis (temperature−pressure combination) system may help in controlling the product distribution and compositions.

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A pilot investigation of pyrolysis from oil and gas extraction from oil shale by in-situ superheated steam injection

Cited by 82 publications

References 52 publications

Study on pore and fracture evolution characteristics of oil shale pyrolysed by high-temperature water vapour

Study on pore and fracture evolution characteristics of oil shale pyrolysed by high-temperature water vapour

Design and Numerical Simulation of In-Situ Pyrolysis of Oil Shale Through Horizontal Well Fracturing with Nitrogen Injection

Effect of High Pressure on Nonisothermal Pyrolysis Kinetics of Oil Shale and Product Yield

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