A pilot study investigating a novel subcutaneously implanted pre-cellularised scaffold for tissue engineering of intestinal mucosa

Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approaches Used to Aid in the Understanding of Angiogenesis In Vivo: Implications for Tissue Engineering

“…Of significance to tissue engineering, increased levels of VEGF-R2 are also detected in tissue-engineered grafts. [1][2][3] This is the first attempt at detecting in vivo expression of VEGF-R2 using IO-based nanoprobes in conjunction with mMRI. Our mMRI data, combined with microscopic detection of the anti-VEGF-R2 probe in glioma tissue, provide compelling evidence that this technique can be used to detect VEGF-R2 levels in vivo in gliomas, and that this method can be extended to tissue engineering applications.…”

“…In a study on subcutaneously implanted precellularized scaffold for tissue engineering of intestinal mucosa, it was found that at 4 weeks postorganoid unit implantation, there was recognizable mucosa and submucosa present on the luminal surface of the scaffold with an associated increase in VEGF-R2 positive cells. 1 In another study a biopolymeric construct (polyglycolic acid-poly-l-lactic acid scaffold) seeded with just vascular progenitor cells was found to develop no microvessels; however, capillary-like structures were formed when endothelial progenitor cells were seeded with human smooth muscle cells, as determined by an increase in VEGF-R2. 2 In a recent study, baboon endothelial progenitor cells were used for tissue-engineered vascular grafts, and it was found that the successful grafts developed an increase in VEGF-R2-positive cells.…”

Are synthetic scaffolds suitable for the development of clinical tissue‐engineered tubular organs?

“…After 5 weeks, the silicon tube, placed inside the scaffolds to maintain luminal patency, was removed and the lumen of the construct was injected with intestinal organoid units. 93 Results demonstrated the development of a neomucosa with the expression of growth factors (i.e., VEGF and b-FGF) and their receptors, suggesting that the preimplantation of the scaffold would make a more favorable environment for intestinal organoid unit proliferation and tissue regeneration. Eight different microporous biodegradable polymeric tubular scaffolds, composed of PGA and/or PLLA in different combinations, obtained using different fabrication techniques (10 mm length, 0.5-1 mm wall thickness, 10-250 mm porosity, 3-5.5 mm outer diameter, and 3-3.5 mm internal diameter) were seeded with intestinal stem cell clusters and implanted into the omentum of syngeneic rats.…”

“…PLGA tubular scaffolds, with transverse and longitudinal porosity of controlled size (10 mm length, 1 mm wall thickness, 2 mm luminal diameter, and 100 µm pore size), have been implanted subcutaneously into a rat model. After 5 weeks, the silicon tube, placed inside the scaffolds to maintain luminal patency, was removed and the lumen of the construct was injected with intestinal organoid units . Results demonstrated the development of a neomucosa with the expression of growth factors (i.e., VEGF and b‐FGF) and their receptors, suggesting that the preimplantation of the scaffold would make a more favorable environment for intestinal organoid unit proliferation and tissue regeneration.…”

Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Regeneration and the Promise of Tissue Engineering

“…Artificial biodegradable scaffolds have been employed by several groups in an attempt to produce tubular structures lined with neomucosa [11,12] (see Figure 2.3). Artificial biodegradable scaffolds have been employed by several groups in an attempt to produce tubular structures lined with neomucosa [11,12] (see Figure 2.3).…”