A Pilot Study of In Vivo Immediate Tissue Contraction with CO2 Skin Laser Resurfacing in a Live Farm Pig

Ross, E. Victor; Yashar, Sharam S.; Naseef, George S.; Barnette, David J.; Skrobal, Miroslav; Grevelink, Joop M.; Anderson, R. Rox

doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99091.x

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This allowed a large volume of epidermis and dermis to remain untreated. Unlike typical ablative laser treatments which generate a broad rectangular-shaped graded thermal coagulation zone parallel to the surface of the skin [23], the configuration employed in our study created multiple tapering and vertically aligned deep micro-lesions (Figs. 1, 2, and 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ablative CO 2 lasers have been shown to generate hightissue temperature profiles exceeding well over 3008C [23] across the entire treatment surface. Although the presence of suprathreshold temperatures certainly generates a heat shock response, enzymatic activity is lost and structural proteins denatured forcing the wound-healing response to come from beneath the graded thermal coagulation zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device

et al. 2006

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Background and Objectives: We introduce a novel CO 2 laser device that utilizes ablative fractional resurfacing for deep dermal tissue removal and characterize the resultant thermal effects in skin. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A prototype 30 W, 10.6 mm CO 2 laser was focused to a 1/e 2 spot size of 120 mm and pulse duration up to 0.7 milliseconds to achieve a microarray pattern in ex vivo human skin. Lesion depth and width were assessed histologically using either hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) or lactate dehyrdogenase (LDH) stain. Pulse energies were varied to determine their effect on lesion dimensions. Results: Microarrays of ablative and thermal injury were created in fresh ex vivo human skin irradiated with the prototype CO 2 laser device. Zones of tissue ablation were surrounded by areas of tissue coagulation spanning the epidermis and part of the dermis. A thin condensed lining on the interior wall of the lesion cavity was observed consistent with eschar formation. At 23.3 mJ, the lesion width was approximately 350 mm and depth 1 mm. In this configuration, the cavities were spaced approximately 500 mm apart and interlesional epidermis and dermis demonstrated viable tissue by LDH staining. Conclusion: A novel prototype ablative CO 2 laser device operating in a fractional mode was developed and its resultant thermal effects in human abdominal tissue were characterized. We discovered that controlled microarray patterns could be deposited in skin with variable depths of dermal tissue ablation depending on the treatment pulse energy. This is the first report to characterize the successful use of ablative fractional resurfacing as a potential approach to dermatological treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:87-95, 2007. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device

et al. 2006

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“…The CO 2 laser has a dramatic ''skin tightening effect'' which is routinely observed by clinicians immediately after the delivery of laser pulses [8][9][10][11]. The mechanism of skin tightening is a heat induced denaturation of the collagen fibers facilitated by disruption of collagen cross-linking bonds that results in an immediate shrinkage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CO 2 laser has been used extensively for facial resurfacing for the treatment of rhytids. The mechanism of CO 2 laser rejuvenation of the skin is thought to be: (i) ablating and removing the most superficial layer of skin (epidermis), and (ii) delivering energy to the deeper superficial papillary dermis to create a lesion in the collagen [9][10][11][12]. This lesion incites a ''wound healing'' response through the liberation of several cytokines which stimulate fibroblasts to synthesize and lay down new collagen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using intense ultrasound (IUS)

White

Makin²,

Slayton³

et al. 2008

Lasers Surg Med

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Objective: Various energy delivery systems have been utilized to treat superficial rhytids in the aging face. The Intense Ultrasound System (IUS) is a novel modality capable of transcutaneously delivering controlled thermal energy at various depths while sparing the overlying tissues. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the response of porcine tissues to various IUS energy source conditions. Further evaluation was performed of the built-in imaging capabilities of the device. Materials and Methods: Simulations were performed on ex vivo porcine tissues to estimate the thermal dose distribution in tissues after IUS exposures to determine the unique source settings that would produce thermal injury zones (TIZs) at given depths. Exposures were performed at escalating power settings and different exposure times (in the range of 1-7.6 J) using three IUS handpieces with unique frequencies and focal depths. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after IUS exposures to detect changes in tissue consistency. Porcine tissues were examined using nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) staining sensitive for thermal lesions, both grossly and histologically. The dimensions and depth of the TIZs were measured from digital photographs and compared. Results: IUS can reliably achieve discrete, TIZ at various depths within tissue without surface disruption. Changes in the TIZ dimensions and shape were observed as source settings were varied. As the source energy was increased, the thermal lesions became larger by growing proximally towards the tissue surface. Maximum lesion depth closely approximated the pre-set focal depth of a given handpiece. Ultrasound imaging detected well-demarcated TIZ at depths within the porcine muscle tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the response of porcine tissue to various energy dose levels of Intense Ultrasound. Further study, especially on human facial tissue, is necessary in order to understand the utility of this modality in treating the aging face and potentially, other cosmetic applications.

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Collagen tightening induced by carbon dioxide laser versus erbium:YAG laser

2000

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Although wound contraction secondary to tissue healing may result in nearly the same tissue tightening as heat-induced collagen contraction, the two processes are very different and variable, with increased risk of scarring seen with wound contracture, compared with heat-induced collagen tightening. The tissue tightening seen with thermally induced collagen contraction is long-lasting, if not "permanent."

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A Pilot Study of In Vivo Immediate Tissue Contraction with CO2 Skin Laser Resurfacing in a Live Farm Pig

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device

Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device

Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using intense ultrasound (IUS)

Collagen tightening induced by carbon dioxide laser versus erbium:YAG laser

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