A pilot study of the social correlates of levels of urinary cortisol, prolactin, and testosterone in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Schaik, Carel P. van; Noordwijk, Maria A. van; Bragt, T. van; Blankenstein, Marinus A.

doi:10.1007/bf02382675

Cited by 74 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Social status can also affect corticoids, although, as with androgens, the results are mixed. While some studies report lower levels of cortisol in dominant males (i.e., olive baboons [Sapolsky, 1982] and long-tailed macaques [van Schaik et al, 1991]), others have found the reverse (i.e., squirrel monkeys [Coe et al, 1979]) or no relationship at all (i.e., vervet monkeys [McGuire et al, 1986] and mouse lemurs [Perret, 1992]). …”

Section: Physiology Maturation and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Urinary androgen and corticoid levels in captive, male Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla): Age‐ and social group‐related differences

Stoinski

Czekala

Lukas

et al. 2002

American J Primatol

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Urinary androgen and corticoid levels were measured for 52 captive male Western lowland gorillas to examine age-related variance and potential differences resulting from various social situations. Significant diurnal variation was present in both hormones. Age-related differences in androgens revealed that males experienced two stages of androgen increase and one stage of decrease: increases occurred from juvenile (less than 10 yr of age) to subadult (between 10-13 yr) and subadult to young adult (14-20 yr), whereas decreases occurred from young adult to adult (> 20 yr). Age-related differences in corticoid levels varied depending on the time of day, but morning corticoids were greatest in juvenile males, followed by young adult males. The type of social grouping was associated with differences in corticoid levels, as animals housed socially (in either a heterosexual or all-male group) had similar corticoid levels, whereas solitary males showed greater corticoid levels than their socially-housed counterparts. The increased levels of corticoids in solitary-housed males suggest this management strategy might not be optimal, although more data are needed. Additionally, the significantly greater levels of androgens and corticoids in young adult male gorillas may present management challenges, and thus zoos may need to consider increasing the flexibility of their current management practices with respect to males.

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Section: Physiology Maturation and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Urinary androgen and corticoid levels in captive, male Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla): Age‐ and social group‐related differences

Stoinski

Czekala

Lukas

et al. 2002

American J Primatol

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“…The majority of primate studies indicate that dominant males produce levels of GCs that are more than or equal to subordinate males, whereas only one study has found that subordinate males excrete more GCs than dominant males (table 1-see 'MALES-not inherited') [40,48,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. The opposite pattern emerges for females, where subordinate females often have greater GC production than dominant individuals, particularly when rank is not inherited rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Social Status and Glucocorticoid Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex, social status and physiological stress in primates: the importance of social and glucocorticoid dynamics

Cavigelli

Caruso

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

102

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Social status has been associated with health consequences, although the mechanisms by which status affects health are relatively unknown. At the physiological level, many studies have investigated the potential relationship between social behaviour/rank and physiological stress, with a particular focus on glucocorticoid (GC) production. GCs are of interest because of their experimentally established influence on health-related processes such as metabolism and immune function. Studies in a variety of species, in both naturalistic and laboratory settings, have led to complex outcomes. This paper reviews findings from primates and rodents and proposes a psychologically and physiologically relevant framework in which to study the relationship between social status and GC function. We (i) compare status-specific GC production between male and female primates, (ii) review the functional significance of different temporal patterns of GC production, (iii) propose ways to assess these temporal dynamics, and (iv) present novel hypotheses about the relationship between social status and GC temporal dynamics, and potential fitness and health implications. To understand whether GC production mediates social status-related fitness disparities, we must consider social contest conditions and the temporal dynamics of GC production. This framework will provide greater insights into the relationship between social status, physiological stress and health.

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“…This pathological condition has been observed in cynomolgus monkeys (Adams et al, 1985), talapoin monkeys (Keverne et al, 1982), olive baboons (Sapolsky, 1990), squirrel monkeys (Manogue et al, 1975) and lemurs (Schilling & Perret, 1987). Although stress in subordinates has been shown to be related to the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, there are exceptions reported among macaques (Bercovitch & Clarke, 1995;Chamove & Bowman, 1976;Gust et al, 1991;Gust et al, 1993;Van Schaik et al, 1991), squirrel monkeys (Coe et al, 1979;Mendoza et al, 1978;Steklis et al, 1986), marmosets (Saltzman et al, 1994), talapoin monkeys (Keverne et al, 1982) and ring-tailed lemurs (Cavogelli, 1999).…”

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confidence: 98%

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )

Qin¹,

Rizak²,

Feng³

et al. 2013

Zoological Research

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Abstract:In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

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A pilot study of the social correlates of levels of urinary cortisol, prolactin, and testosterone in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Cited by 74 publications

References 32 publications

Urinary androgen and corticoid levels in captive, male Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla): Age‐ and social group‐related differences

Urinary androgen and corticoid levels in captive, male Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla): Age‐ and social group‐related differences

Sex, social status and physiological stress in primates: the importance of social and glucocorticoid dynamics

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )

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