A Pitch-Matched ASIC with Integrated 65V TX and Shared Hybrid Beamforming ADC for Catheter-Based High-Frame-Rate 3D Ultrasound Probes

Hopf, Yannick M.; Ossenkoppele, Boudewine W.; Soozande, Mehdi; Noothout, Emile; Chang, Zu-yao; Chen, Chao; Vos, Hendrik J.; Bosch, H.; Verweij, Martin D.; Jong, Nico de; Pertijs, Michiel A. P.

doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731597

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Verification of the ability to perform pulse-echo measurements is obtained in a second experiment in which a plate reflector is installed in front of the array. After transducer actuation, the embedded T/R switch is opened and received echoes are channeled to the included analog frontend [11]. The obtained results are subsequently sampled at 24 MHz and displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Integrated High-Voltage Pulser Insensitive to Supply Transients for 3-D Miniature Ultrasound Probes

Hopf

Ossenkoppele

Soozande

et al. 2022

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Lett.

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In this paper, a compact high-voltage (HV) transmit circuit for dense 2D transducer arrays used in 3D ultrasonic imaging systems is presented. Stringent area requirements are addressed by a unipolar pulser with embedded transmit/receive switch. Combined with a capacitive HV level shifter, it forms the ultrasonic HV transmit circuit with the lowest reported HV transistor count and area without any static power consumption. The balanced latched-based level shifter implementation makes the design insensitive to transients on the HV supply caused by pulsing, facilitating application in probes with limited local supply decoupling, such as imaging catheters. Favorable scaling through resource sharing benefits massively arrayed architectures while preserving full individual functionality. A prototype of 8 x 9 elements was fabricated in TSMC 0.18 µm HV BCD technology and a 160 µm x 160 µm PZT transducer matrix is manufactured on the chip. The system is designed to drive 65 V peak-to-peak pulses on 2 pF transducer capacitance and hardware sharing of 6 elements allows for an area of only 0.008 mm 2 per element. Electrical characterization as well as acoustic results obtained with the 6 MHz central frequency transducer are demonstrated.

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Integrated High-Voltage Pulser Insensitive to Supply Transients for 3-D Miniature Ultrasound Probes

Hopf

Ossenkoppele

Soozande

et al. 2022

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Lett.

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“…2 shows the angular weights as a function of the reconstruction line direction for different transmission directions. To avoid abrupt changes in image intensity, the angular weights have some overlap with their neighboring transmissions [33].…”

Section: Angular Weighted Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Scheme for 3-D High-Frame-Rate Intracardiac Echography: A Simulation Study

Soozande

Ossenkoppele

Hopf

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common 1 cardiac arrhythmia and is normally treated by RF ablation. 2 Intracardiac echography (ICE) is widely employed during RF 3 ablation procedures to guide the electrophysiologist in nav-4 igating the ablation catheter, although only 2-D probes are 5 currently clinically used. A 3-D ICE catheter would not only 6 improve visualization of the atrium and ablation catheter, but 7 it might also provide the 3-D mapping of the electromechan-8 ical wave (EW) propagation pattern, which represents the 9 mechanical response of cardiac tissue to electrical activity. 10 The detection of this EW needs 3-D high-frame-rate imaging, 11 which is generally only realizable in tradeoff with channel 12 count and image quality. In this simulation-based study, 13 we propose a high volume rate imaging scheme for a 3-D 14 ICE probe design that employs 1-D micro-beamforming in 15 the elevation direction. Such a probe can achieve a high 16 frame rate while reducing the channel count sufficiently for 17 realization in a 10-Fr catheter. To suppress the grating-lobe 18 (GL) artifacts associated with micro-beamforming in the 19 elevation direction, a limited number of fan-shaped beams 20 with a wide azimuthal and narrow elevational opening angle 21 are sequentially steered to insonify slices of the region of 22 interest. An angular weighted averaging of reconstructed 23 subvolumes further reduces the GL artifacts. We optimize 24 the transmit beam divergence and central frequency based 25 on the required image quality for EW imaging (EWI). Numer-26 ical simulation results show that a set of seven fan-shaped 27 transmission beams can provide a frame rate of 1000 Hz and 28 a sufficient spatial resolution to visualize the EW propaga-29 tion on a large 3-D surface. 30 Index Terms-3-D intracardiac echography (ICE), data 31 rate reduction, electromechanical wave imaging (EWI), high-32 frame-rate ultrasound imaging.

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“…However, ongoing efforts within the scientific community have focused on improving catheter-based ultrasound devices, recognizing the importance of high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Traditional approaches, such as those utilizing piezoelectric materials like PZT in thickness mode resonance operation, have made significant contributions in ultrasound imaging [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In 2018, J. Janjic et al presented a 2-D PZT-based FL-IVUS (Forward looking IVUS) to perform volumetric image [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Integrated Pitch-Matched AlScN PMUT-on-CMOS Array for High- Resolution Ultrasound Images

Ledesma,

Uranga,

Torres

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper presents a fully integrated pitch-matched PMUTs-on-CMOS array with high potential in catheter-based ultrasound imaging systems and capabilities to obtain resolutions under 100 µm. The systemon-chip consists of 7x7 AlScN PMUTs connected in a 1-D configuration where the six external rows are used to generate the acoustic pressure through three HV-pulser CMOS circuits, and the central row is used to sense the incoming ultrasound wave which will be amplified by a LNA CMOS amplifier. The experimental verification in a liquid environment gave, as a first result, a peak frequency of 7.7 MHz with a normalized pressure (ST) of 1.98 kPapp*mm*V −1 and receiving sensitivity (SR) of 3.3 V/MPa, respectively, competitive sensitivities in comparison with the state-of-the-art. In the second part, ultrasonic imaging for different wires with a minimum diameter of 25 µm was demonstrated as expected from numerical simulations. The system's performance for ultrasound images was evaluated considering the product of the area and the resolution at 1 mm, giving competitive values compared to other reported ultrasound systems for catheter-based medical ultrasound imaging and the only one providing monolithically integration with the CMOS front-end circuitry.

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A Pitch-Matched ASIC with Integrated 65V TX and Shared Hybrid Beamforming ADC for Catheter-Based High-Frame-Rate 3D Ultrasound Probes

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

A Compact Integrated High-Voltage Pulser Insensitive to Supply Transients for 3-D Miniature Ultrasound Probes

A Compact Integrated High-Voltage Pulser Insensitive to Supply Transients for 3-D Miniature Ultrasound Probes

Imaging Scheme for 3-D High-Frame-Rate Intracardiac Echography: A Simulation Study

Fully Integrated Pitch-Matched AlScN PMUT-on-CMOS Array for High- Resolution Ultrasound Images

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