“…The optical sensors have been shown to be safe in explosive environment as well as being applicable even in unusual or extreme conditions [13]. Especially, the optical waveguide (OWG) sensor has attracted considerable attention for monitoring environmental pollution [14,15], industrial processes [16,17], biological fields [18][19][20], and medical diagnostics [21], particularly, for the detection of gaseous elements in trace concentrations [22][23][24], in recent years. This is because, OWG methods for sensing have several merits over other types of sensors, such as the potentials for high sensitivity, fast response time, remote controllability, system compactness, and intrinsically safe detection.…”