A platelet-aggregating and hypotensive phospholipid isolated from bovine brain

Yoshida, Junichi; Tokumura, Akira; Fukuzawa, K.; Terao, Motonori; Takauchi, Kenkichi; Tsukatani, Hiroaki

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb03375.x

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the case of PC probably the best example is dipalmitoyl PC which has important surfactant properties in the lung (King et al, 1986;Goerke and Clements, 1986). Other examples include the recently identified analogues of the platelet activating factor which have been reported to have vasodepressor activity (Yoshida et al, 1986;Tokumura et al, 1987), and dipolyunsaturated molecular species of PC present in the mammalian retina (Aveldano and Sprecher, 1987) which have been postulated to associate specifically with the a-helical segments of rhodopsin (Aveldano, 1988). One possible role for these lipids is to provide the brain with a source of choline for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Blusztajn et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Human Brain: Enrichment in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Brain and Diseases of Peroxisome Biogenesis Brain

Sharp¹,

Johnson²,

Poulos³

1991

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molecular species of phosphatidylcholine containing unsaturated (i.e., monoenoic and polyenoic) 32- to 40-carbon (very long chain) fatty acids (VLCFA-PC) are present in normal human brain, the fatty acid composition changing significantly with development. There is a marked increase in the concentration and a change in the polyenoic VLCFA composition of these molecular species in brains of patients with inherited defects in peroxisomal biogenesis [Zellweger's syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), and infantile Refsum's disease]. In contrast, there is a marked increase in monoenoic VLCFA-PC in X-linked ALD whereas molecular species containing polyenoic VLCFA are minor components.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Human Brain: Enrichment in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Brain and Diseases of Peroxisome Biogenesis Brain

Sharp¹,

Johnson²,

Poulos³

1991

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Shortly after this, an anti-hypertensive lipid, now known as PAF, was determined (29) to possess the same structure as a phospholipid isolated and identified based on its ability to aggregate platelets (30) and as a potential effector of endotoxic shock (31). Once the structure of PAF was known and an inhibitor was synthesized, the depressor extract was found to contain at least two types of activities (32). One was a PAF-like activity, but there also was non-PAF-like activity present.…”

Section: Depressor Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Active Oxidized Phospholipids

McIntyre¹,

Zimmerman²,

Prescott³

1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

145

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidants and free radicals are deleterious in many ways, and organisms employ numerous approaches to block their production or limit their damage. Hydrogen atoms adjacent to olefinic bonds are susceptible to oxidative attack and those between unconjugated olefinic bonds especially so. Lipids are a rich source of these bonds and so are a primary target for oxidative reactions. Lipid oxidation is problematic as the many oxidative chemical reactions are not controlled and constrained by enzymes and may show exponential reaction rates, and some of the products of the attack are highly reactive species that modify proteins and DNA. This review summarizes current information about another outcome of the uncontrolled attack on cellular and circulating phospholipids, the generation of potent biologically active compounds that activate components of the immune and inflammatory systems.The biologically active species discussed here include oxidized phosphatidylcholines with biologic activity similar to platelet-activating factor (PAF), 1 oxidized phosphatidylcholines that stimulate responses through ways other than the PAF receptor, and the lysophosphatidylcholines that result from the enzymatic metabolism of these modified phospholipids. Oxidation products that mimic the properties of a wide variety of arachidonate metabolites are discussed in a separate review in this series (FitzGerald et al. (85)), as is a study of the effects of cholesterol oxidation (Chisolm et al. (86)). We will briefly mention the role of PAF acetylhydrolase in the catabolism of oxidized phospholipids. With the structures of some biologically active oxidation products deciphered, there is physical evidence to show that oxidatively modified phospholipids accumulate in vivo. This suggests that potent biologic mediators can arise from uncontrolled chemical reactions when the antioxidant defenses of the organism are overwhelmed. One area where such newly formed species subvert physiologic events is atherogenesis, but exposure to cigarette smoke, reperfusion injury, and stroke are also likely candidates for inappropriate events initiated or propagated by biologically active oxidized phospholipids. Lipid OxidationOxidative reactions of free fatty acids have been defined (e.g. Refs. 1-3), and oxidation of fatty acyl residues esterified in phospholipids appears to proceed in a similar fashion. The initial oxidative attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids generates alkyl radicals and then with the addition of oxygen, alkoxy radicals and peroxides. Arachidonate when oxidized enzymatically generates hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoates, hydroxyeicosatetraenoates, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. A larger series of stereo and positional isomers known as isoprostanes, isothromboxanes, and isoleukotrienes (4, 5) is produced when arachidonate is nonenzymatically oxidized by a series of competing chemical reactions.

show abstract

“…Whereas the potency of the inhibitory effect of MC-PCs decreased with increase in the chain length of the sn-2-acyl moiety, DC-PCs with an sn-2-succinyl, glutaryl-or azelaoyl (C9) group were equipotent in the prevention of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Our subsequent works on were assessed by the peak decrease in the blood pressure when these phospholipids were intravenously injected into rats, as described previously [48]. suspensions were prepared by centrifugation on Percoll layers with stepwise gradients of the exudates collected on 4 days after intraperitoneal injection of 15 ml of liquid paraffin into male guinea pig (300-400 g).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Paf-like Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)-Like Phospholipids in Blood Circulation under Elevated Oxidative Stress: Its Pathological Significance on Atherosclerosi

Tokumura¹,

Tuchie²,

Imasaki³

et al. 2004

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is known to be a critical factor for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Several newly generated lipid components in the oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) have been shown to exert undesirable effects on various vascular cells. In particular, phosphatidylcholine (PC) having an oxidatively shortened fatty acyl group with a methyl, hydroxyl, oxo or carboxyl terminal attained interest, since they mimic diverse effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of inflammation, owing to their structural analogy to PAF. In this article, generation of PAF-like lipids in response to elevated oxidative stress due to cigarette smoking is documented, and its possible significance on atherogenesis is discussed.

show abstract

A platelet-aggregating and hypotensive phospholipid isolated from bovine brain

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Human Brain: Enrichment in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Brain and Diseases of Peroxisome Biogenesis Brain

Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Human Brain: Enrichment in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Brain and Diseases of Peroxisome Biogenesis Brain

Biologically Active Oxidized Phospholipids

Generation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)-Like Phospholipids in Blood Circulation under Elevated Oxidative Stress: Its Pathological Significance on Atherosclerosi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About