A polarization-independent 1 × 16 guided-wave optical switch integrated on lithium niobate

Watson, J. A. L.; Milbrodt, M.A.; Rice, T.

doi:10.1109/jlt.1986.1074663

Cited by 41 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since the first demonstration of Ti indiffused waveguides in LiNbOg (Schmidt & Kaminow 1977) the fabrication process has been developed, the material improved and tools for modelling the device fabrication developed (Thylen et al 1983). The relatively simple fabrication of devices of lower insertion loss and drive voltage than is the case for semiconductors has made LiNbOg-devices prevalent and led to the fabrication of increasingly complex structures, which today cover an impressive functional spectrum of which a nonexhaustive listing follows: high-speed modulators and switches (Alferness et al 1984;Becker 1984;Thylen et al 1984); polarization converters (Alferness & Buhl 1981;Hedrich et al 1986); frequency shifters (Wong et al 1984;Kingston et al 1982;; switch matrices (Granestrand et al 1986;Neyer et al 1986;Bogert 1987); integrated high-speed devices Lagerstrom et al 1987); time multiplexers and demultiplexers (Sawano et al 1987); wavelength filters (Alferness & Schmidt 1978); polarization-independent devices (Alferness 1979;McCaughan 1984;Watson et al 1986). Some of these devices are highlighted below.…”

Section: Device Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium niobate devices in switching and multiplexing

Thylén

1989

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Integrated-optics devices in lithium niobate have reached a significant maturity in recent years, and several complex devices have been demonstrated. In addition to performing modulation of light in fibre-optic transmission systems, lithium niobate devices currently offer the only components for photonic switching. Thus lithium niobate devices can be used as spatial, temporal and wavelength switches in high-speed and low-speed systems. In these systems electronic signals control the lithium niobate switches, which process the optical information and which are optically interfaced to optical fibres. Hence I am not concerned with all-optical switching. Examples of applications are multiplexing and demultiplexing of high-speed data streams, bit-by-bit or word-by-word switching in, for example, time-space-time stages or in access couplers in high-speed bus systems. Switch arrays, generally operating at lower speeds (below 1 GHz), can be used for network rearrangement, digital crossconnect, protection switching and generally in situations where the frequency and code transparency of the devices can be used to advantage. The status of lithium niobate devices for switching is reviewed, and performance limitations (including those imposed by polarization properties) and trade-offs are discussed, emphasizing time- and space-switching devices and applications.

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Section: Device Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium niobate devices in switching and multiplexing

Thylén

1989

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…Various types of optical switches have been studied [2,3,4,5,6]. However, there have been difficulties in making compact optical switches, since available refractive index changes of materials for optical switching is typically limited to be below 1%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of total-internal-reflection optical switch with slowing light in Bragg reflector waveguide

Koyama

2008

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We propose a total-internal-reflection optical switch with a Bragg reflector waveguide. Slowing light in a Bragg reflector waveguide gives us an extremely large change in the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide, which is increased by a factor of more than 10 near a cut-off wavelength. Slowing light is caused by the giant waveguide dispersion of a Bragg reflector waveguide. The proposed structure enables a large bending angle of over 40 degrees even for reasonable refractive index changes of waveguide materials. The calculated result shows a possibility of large-scale and compact cross-bar waveguide optical switches.

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“…In such networks, the frame gaps for optical packets is of the order of nanoseconds [1]. Various approaches have already been proposed to meet the demand for fast switches, including a semiconductor TIR switch [1], PLZT-based switches [2,3], a SiGe/Si MMI switch [4], and lithium niobate (LN) directional-couplerbased switches [5][6][7][8]. Of these, LN-based switches appear to be the most attractive, because they are capable of high switching speeds with low loss characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%