A policy-based solution for the detection of colluding GPS-Spoofing attacks in FANETs

Bada, Mousaab; Boubiche, Djallel Eddine; Lagraa, Nasreddine; Kerrache, Chaker Abdelaziz; Imran, Muhammad; Shoaib, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.022

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In 2021, Bada et al [87] proposed a trust-based method for detecting colluding GPS Spoofing attacks. The nodes in the FANET are classified as targets, active witnesses, and passive witnesses.…”

Section: B Gps Spoofing Defense Mechanisms In Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS Spoofing Attacks in FANETs: A Systematic Literature Review

Altaweel,

Mukkath,

Kamel

2023

IEEE Access

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Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs) are groups of UAVs connected in an Ad-Hoc manner to accomplish a common mission. The widespread acceptance of UAVs due to their low cost and high efficiency has attracted malicious security attacks against them. These attacks cannot be easily prevented due to UAVs' limited computational power, short battery life, and inability to execute complex algorithms. FANETs rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for localization. GPS Spoofing, an easy-to-launch attack, is one of the main challenges in FANETs. In which, the legitimate and not-encrypted civilian GPS signals are overridden by counterfeit signals to deceive the UAVs to collide or to be hijacked. Researchers proposed various countermeasures to address GPS Spoofing attacks in FANETs. To further assist future research, this paper provides a systematic literature review on GPS Spoofing attacks in FANETs and their defense mechanisms. After formulating eight research questions and applying well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment tools, 70 research articles were extracted. The existing defense mechanisms were classified based on their objectives (i.e., detection, mitigation, and/or prevention) and according to their basis (i.e., relying on readings from various drones' devices/sensors, processing the signals received by various sensors, employing machine learning algorithms, relying on game theory, or leveraging cryptographic techniques to authenticate and protect the confidentiality of GPS signals). The defense mechanisms were also analyzed to identify the attacker models, impacts of the attack, and detection performance. This study found that most of the proposed methods are detection approaches, rather than mitigation or prevention. Also, almost all papers used simulation experiments rather than a proof-of-concept implementation, which does not demonstrate a convincing performance under realistic mobility and propagation models. Moreover, most solutions addressed GPS Spoofing for a single UAV. Only eight articles addressed multiple UAV scenarios and none of them provided a proof-of-concept evaluation. INDEX TERMSDrones, unmanned ariel vehicle (UAV), Flying Ad-Hoc NETwork (FANET), GPS spoofing attack, wireless network security, systematic literature review. * Spoofing tools such as simulators, repeaters, etc. * Spoofing techniques such as position denial and track break. * Spoofer location such as remote, onboard, and escort. --Defense mechanisms against GPS Spoofing: the research articles that discuss various mechanisms to defend against GPS Spoofing attacks in UAVs. These articles are further classified based on their objectives as follows: * Detection of GPS Spoofing attacks. * Mitigation the damage caused by GPS Spoofing attacks. * Prevention of GPS Spoofing. The defense mechanisms are also classified according to their basis as follows: * The use of devices/sensors on the drones. * Signal processing techniques applied on various signals received by various sensors on the drone. * Cryptographic techn...

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Section: B Gps Spoofing Defense Mechanisms In Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS Spoofing Attacks in FANETs: A Systematic Literature Review

Altaweel,

Mukkath,

Kamel

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Di negara maju, peta kota selalu diperbaharui secara rutin, misalnya setiap dua tahunan, dengan tujuan agar peta tersebut selalu menyajikan informasi yang aktual (Chen et al, 2021;Fang et al, 2021;Guo et al, 2021). Negara yang sedang berkembang, revisi terhadap peta kota belum intensif seperti yang dilaksanakan di negara maju (Abkarian et al, 2022;Ashour et al, 2021;Bada et al, 2021).…”

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“…Peta kota merupakan peta tematik berupa peta dua dimensi yang menonjolkan informasi tematik berupa jaringan jalan, perkantoran pemerintah, kawasan perdagangan, kawasan industri, kawasan pendidikan dan informasi lainnya yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat (Abkarian et al, 2022;Ashour et al, 2021;Bada et al, 2021) (Bjørnskov et al, 2021;Boakye et al, 2021;.…”

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“…Tingkat ketelitian peta untuk penataan ruang wilayah ditentukan berdasarkan pada skala minimal yang diperlukan untuk merekonstruksi informasi pada peta di muka bumi (Bjørnskov et al, 2021;Boakye et al, 2021;. Kesalahan yang disebabkan oleh alat-alat penggambaran seperti ketebalan pensil gambar, kesalahan pada penyimpangan penempatan mistar, penggaris dan lain-lain sedapat mungkin diusahakan agar besarnya tidak melebihi 0.2 mm (Abkarian et al, 2022;Ashour et al, 2021;Bada et al, 2021).…”

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“…Berdasarkan gambar 5, menunjukkan peta batas administrasi seluas 36,90 Ha, dan gambar 6 seluas 39,04 Ha. Terdapat perbedaan seluas 2,14 Ha dikarenakan pengambilan data tidak mengikuti patok yang ada di lapangan (Abkarian et al, 2022;Ashour et al, 2021;Bada et al, 2021). Berdasarkan gambar 7 menunjukkan Peta jaringan jalan terbagi menjadi 4 bagian: Dengan lebar jalan: Jalur merah ± 1 m, jalur kuning ± 2 m, jalur hijau ± 4 m, dan jalur hijau tua ± 8 m. Warna diperuntukkan untuk menunjukkan tingkat kesulitan dalam evakuasi bencana.…”

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Pemetaan Wilayah Kelurahan Karang Mumus Kota Samarinda Menggunakan Autodesk Map

2022

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Pesatnya pertumbuhan fisik kota Samarinda mempengaruhi struktur kota dengan adanya ruas jalan baru yang belum tergambar dalam peta. Perlu adanya peta jaringan jalan yang akurat untuk menggambar hal tersebut diperlukan sebuah alat sederhana berupa Global Positioning System (GPS). Tujuan penelitian adalah pembuatan peta batas wilayah administrasi Kelurahan Karang Mumus dan jaringan jalan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan tumpang susun data peta dasar Badan Informasi Geospatial dengan data survei GPS Garmin 76CSx di lapangan, dilakukan dua tahapan yaitu, data sekunder berupa peta wilayah kota Samarinda BAPPEDA Kota. Data primer dilakukan pengambilan titik koordinat peta batas wilayah administrasi dan jaringan jalan Kelurahan Karang Mumus. Dan melakukan proses tumpang susun semua data jaringan ruas jalan dari GPS ditransfer ke komputer kemudian diproses dengan Map Source dan Autodesk Map 2004. Selanjutnya proses drawing dilakukan mulai dari kalibrasi GPS, batas administrasi, dan jaringan jalan diolah dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel sebagai crosscheck koordinat di lapangan. Data di ekspor ke program Autodesk Map di overlay dengan peta dasar dan citra Quick bird. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peta wilayah administrasi Kelurahan Karang Mumus dari BAPPEDA Kota Samarinda berbeda dengan hasil survei lapangan dan tumpang susun. Di sebabkan adanya perbedaan peta wilayah administrasi dengan titik patok koordinat di lapangan Kelurahan Karang Mumus.

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