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A trust establishment scheme for enhancing inter-vehicular communication and preventing DoS attacks 'TFDD' is proposed in this paper. Based on a developed intrusion detection module (IDM) and data centric verification, our framework allows preventing DDoS attacks and eliminating misbehaving nodes in a distributed, collaborative and instantaneous manner. In addition, a trusted routing protocol is proposed that, using context-based information such as link stability and trust information, delivers data through the most reliable way. In this study, the simulation results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of our trust framework at detecting dishonest nodes, as well as malicious messages that are sent by honest or dishonest nodes, after a very low number of message exchanges. Furthermore, colluding attacks are detected in a small period of time, which results in network resources being released immediately after an overload period. We also show that, in a worst-case scenario, our trust-based framework is able to sustain performance levels.

The advent of commercial drones or unmanned areal vehicles (UAV) is expected to facilitate the deployment of a plethora of UAV-based applications. As a result, we expect UAVs to cooperate in ad hoc fashion and joint existing vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a novel routing scheme for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANets) by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through cooperative and collaborative communication. Our approach is based on information exchange between vehicles and UAVs to help vehicles in the ground find the best multi-hop path by selecting the most appropriate next intersection to deliver the data packets successfully to their destinations. We use the real time traffic variation which is estimated with a completely distributed manner based on the periodic exchange of Hello messages between all vehicles and UAVs in the system. In this work, we aim at integrating UAVto-Vehicle (U2V) and Vehicle-to-UAV (V2U) communications to make routing in the presence of UAVs more efficient and more reliable, and to ensure packet delivery with a minimum of packet losses. This protocol is beneficial to develop more intelligent connected nodes in the future.