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A trust establishment scheme for enhancing inter-vehicular communication and preventing DoS attacks 'TFDD' is proposed in this paper. Based on a developed intrusion detection module (IDM) and data centric verification, our framework allows preventing DDoS attacks and eliminating misbehaving nodes in a distributed, collaborative and instantaneous manner. In addition, a trusted routing protocol is proposed that, using context-based information such as link stability and trust information, delivers data through the most reliable way. In this study, the simulation results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of our trust framework at detecting dishonest nodes, as well as malicious messages that are sent by honest or dishonest nodes, after a very low number of message exchanges. Furthermore, colluding attacks are detected in a small period of time, which results in network resources being released immediately after an overload period. We also show that, in a worst-case scenario, our trust-based framework is able to sustain performance levels.

With the exponential growth in the number of vital infrastructures such as nuclear plants and transport and distribution networks, these systems have become more susceptible to coordinated cyberattacks. One of the effective approaches used to strengthen the security of these infrastructures is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and data collection. However, UAVs themselves are prone to attacks on their collected sensor data. Recently, blockchain (BC) has been proposed as a revolutionary technology that can be integrated within Internet of things (IoT) to provide a desired level of security and privacy. However, the integration of BC within IoT networks, where UAV's sensors constitute a major component, is extremely challenging. The major contribution of this study is twofold:(1) survey the security issues for UAV's collected sensor data, define the security requirements for such systems, and identify ways to address them; and (2) propose a novel BC-based solution to ensure the security of and the trust between the UAVs and their relevant ground control stations.Our implementation results and analysis show that using UAVs as means for protecting critical infrastructure is greatly enhanced through the utilization of trusted BC-based unmanned aerial systems. INTRODUCTIONFlying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are one of the self-organized networks in which mobile nodes are called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In addition to the flying UAVs, the overall system involves also ground control stations (GCSs) and sometimes satellites. 1 Various innovative applications in different domains have emerged with the development of FANETs including agriculture, crowd sensing, frontiers surveillance, and search and rescue operations. 2,3 , to name a few.To ensure this variety of applications, commercial drones (UAVs) are equipped with different sensors and cameras. 4 After gathering the sensed or captured data, a UAV, which can be sometimes remotely controlled, sends the data to the GCS for further processing. At the same time, flying UAVs can also communicate with each other for data delivery, positioning, accuracy, or even for collision avoidance.Wireless communication devices, sensors and UAVs, are usually energy-restricted devices with low computational power systems and thus cannot run complex cryptography procedures to protect communicated data from possible malicious attacking entities. Thus, efficient security solutions should be developed to overcome this shortcoming, especially for the case of UAVs monitoring of critical infrastructures. 5 Several solutions have already been proposed in the literature based on both cryptography 6 and trust management. 7 However, ensuring the desired Trans Emerging

In this paper we propose a novel trust establishment architecture fully compliant with the ETSI ITS standard which takes advantage of the periodically exchanged beacons (i.e CAM) and event triggered messages (i.e DENM). Our solution, called T-VNets, allows estimating the traffic density, the trust among entities, as well as the dishonest nodes distribution within the network. In addition, by combining different trust metrics such as direct, indirect, event-based and RSU-based trust, T-VNets is able to eliminate dishonest nodes from all network operations while selecting the best paths to deliver legal data messages by taking advantage of the link duration concept. Since our solution is able to adapt to environments with or without roadside units (RSUs), it can perform adequately both in urban and highway scenarios. Simulation results evidence that our proposal is more efficient than other existing solutions, being able to sustain performance levels even in worst-case scenarios.

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