A Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole)–Au@WO<sub>3</sub>‐Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor

Reddy, Bijivemula N.; Kumar, Pankaj; Deepa, Melepurath

doi:10.1002/cphc.201402625

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This is because, first, WO 3 has two distinctive characteristics, namely electrochromism [21,22,47,48] and photochromism, [49][50][51][52][53] arising from the formation of tungsten bronze by reaction with cations such as H + , Na + , and Li + , which simultaneously stores energy. Second, charging and discharging WO 3 , a negative electrode material for supercapacitors, [5,21,22,54,55] needs a negative bias, which may promote reactions with small cations in photoelectrochemical systems. Moreover, as a semiconductor with a narrow bandgap of 2.6-2.8 eV, WO 3 can absorb visible light to generate electron-hole pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Zhu

Huang

Pei

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

150

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The effects of the environment on the energy storage of supercapacitors as well as the underlying mechanisms have long been neglected. This paper reports that the capacitance of hexagonal‐phase tungsten oxide (h‐WO3)‐based supercapacitors increases by ≈17% under solar light. Thorough analyses of the wavelength dependence of the enhancement, capacitive mechanism, energy storage dynamics, and impedance reveal that: i) photoexcited electrons are responsible for the enhancement; ii) the insertion of protons into the large hexagonal tunnels of h‐WO3, instead of a surface capacitive process, is greatly facilitated by the photoexcited electrons; iii) the theoretical light‐induced capacitance enhancement can reach up to 38% for a h‐WO3‐based supercapacitor. Moreover, as an application of this finding, a self‐powered photodetector based on a h‐WO3 supercapacitor is fabricated, wherein the photoexcited electrons serve as the signal for detecting solar light. The device works without an external power source and can be considered as an ultimately integrated power source–sensor system. This work sheds light on the interaction between solar light and a semiconductor‐based supercapacitor as well as the concrete mechanisms behind the phenomenon. These efforts also open the door to the design of highly integrated, brand‐new power source–sensor systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Zhu

Huang

Pei

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

150

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“…However, this color change needs to be suffi ciently rapid for observation especially at high current charge/discharge processes, which calls for the development of highly conductive transparent electrodes as the current collector. [47][48][49] Figure 5 c shows the dependence of the optical modulation and specifi c capacitance on the current density for the WO 3 on the silver grid/PEDOT:PSS hybrid fi lm. The downward lines correspond to the charging and the upward lines to the discharging process, respectively.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Transparent Conductive Silver Grid/PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Integrated Bifunctional Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitors

Cai

Darmawan

Cui

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

418

285

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theoretical and practical aspects of supercapacitors in recent years. [4][5][6] Still, supercapacitors with more functionality and novel features are being sought to extend their application range. For example, fl exible, stretchable, and wearable supercapacitors have been developed to meet the requirements of portable and wearable electronics. [7][8][9][10] It would be highly attractive to integrate both an energy-storage and an electrochromism functionality into one device for multiple applications. Such device could be used not only for energy-storage smart windows, which can store energy by charging the window and adjusting the lighting and heating of the building, [ 11,12 ] but also for sensing variations in the level of stored energy and being able to respond to the variations in a noticeable and predictable manner. [13][14][15][16] As a key component of these smart devices, the transparent electrodes used not only need to be highly transparent but also highly conductive to simultaneously meet the needs of charging/discharging under high current density conditions and that of fast coloration switching speeds. However, the most commonly used transparent conducting electrodes are indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass, [ 11,16 ] fl uorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass, [ 13,15 ] poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), [ 12 ] and carbon nanotubes. [ 14 ] The sheet resistance of these transparent conducting electrodes is in the range of tens to hundreds of Ω per square, which could hinder the device charging/discharging process and may lead to the color changes lagging behind the changes in the stored energy, especially under high current densities. In addition, ITO and FTO as transparent electrodes are unsuitable for fl exible electronics applications because of their brittleness and high cost of the preparation procedure. [17][18][19] Therefore, it is very important to design an electrode with a low electrical resistance and a high optical transmittance for smart energystorage device applications.A variety of fl exible transparent electrodes have been investigated as low-cost ITO substitutes, including conducting polymers, [ 20 ] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [ 21 ] graphene, [ 22 ] metal nanowires, [ 23,24 ] and metal grids. [25][26][27] Among these fl exible Silver grids are attractive for replacing indium tin oxide as fl exible transparent conductors. This work aims to improve the electrochemical stability of silverbased transparent conductors. A silver grid/PEDOT:PSS hybrid fi lm with high conductivity and excellent stability is successfully fabricated. Its functionality for fl exible electrochromic applications is demonstrated by coating one layer of WO 3 nanoparticles on the silver grid/PEDOT:PSS hybrid fi lm. This hybrid structure presents a large optical modulation of 81.9% at 633 nm, fast switching, and high coloration effi ciency (124.5 cm 2 C −1 ). More importantly, an excellent electrochemical cycling stability (sustaining 79.1% of their initial transmittance modulation a...

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Section: Electrochromic Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart supercapacitors from materials to devices

Wang

Yao

Niu

2019

InfoMat

158

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The recent development in smart electronic devices has increased the demand for supercapacitors to integrate with other different functions. Recently, many research efforts have been made to fabricate smart components of supercapacitors and to construct them into novel device configurations. In this mini review, we summarize recent progress in smart supercapacitors with the functions of self‐healing, shape memory, electrochromism, and photodetection, including the design of electrode materials, the optimization of the configuration, and working mechanism. Furthermore, the perspective and challenges for the development of smart supercapacitors are also discussed deeply.

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A Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole)–Au@WO₃‐Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor

Cited by 45 publications

References 56 publications

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Highly Stable Transparent Conductive Silver Grid/PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Integrated Bifunctional Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitors

Smart supercapacitors from materials to devices

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A Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole)–Au@WO3‐Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor

Cited by 45 publications

References 56 publications

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Capacitance Enhancement in a Semiconductor Nanostructure‐Based Supercapacitor by Solar Light and a Self‐Powered Supercapacitor–Photodetector System

Highly Stable Transparent Conductive Silver Grid/PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Integrated Bifunctional Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitors

Smart supercapacitors from materials to devices

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A Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole)–Au@WO₃‐Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor